Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học

Expanding the clinical spectrum of intellectual disability associated with MECP2 duplication

2025-11-20T07:30:13+00:00

Xq28 duplication or MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), recurrent respiratory infections, abnormal facial features, and progressive neurological decline. Several challenges exist in the clinical identification of MDS, particularly given that most male patients inherited the chromosomal abnormality from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic carrier mothers. The objective of our familial case series was to provide a clinical description of four males with intellectual disability across two generations in a Vietnamese family with MECP2 duplication syndrome. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was used to confirm the molecular abnormality and its segregation within the family. This familial case series illustrates typical and variable manifestations of MDS, especially changes observed from the fetal to the neonatal and adolescent period, which is essential, especially in diseases reported as progressive neurological decline, such as MECP2.

Characterization of circulating tumor DNA features and exploratory evaluation of the SPOT-MAS assay for non-metastatic colorectal cancer detection

2026-03-17T02:25:26+00:00

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth leading cancer and causes death among all types of cancers in Vietnam. Early detection of colorectal cancer remains challenging, as existing screening methods are either invasive or have limited sensitivity. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis from liquid biopsy offers a promising non-invasive screening methods. Plasma samples from 50 patients with non-metastatic CRC (stages I-III) and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Multiple cfDNA features, including targeted and genome-wide methylation, copy number alterations (CNAs), and fragment length profiles, were extracted. These cfDNA features were subsequently analyzed using the previously developed SPOT-MAS machine learning model to evaluate the performance of multi-feature ctDNA integration for colorectal cancer detection. CRC samples exhibited widespread genome-wide hypomethylation, targeted hypermethylation of cancer-associated regions (SEPT9), subchromosomal CNAs, and a higher ratio of short cfDNA fragments (≤150 bp) compared with controls. Using integrated multi-feature analysis, SPOT-MAS achieved a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 94% for CRC detection. Our results confirm the presence of several known cfDNA features associated with CRC in plasma sample for non-metastatic patients. The preliminary evaluation using the SPOT-MAS framework suggests that integrating multiple cfDNA characteristics may support CRC detection from early stage. However, larger cohorts are required to further validate these finding.

Development and Validation of a Probe-Free Real-time SYBR Green ARMS-PCR for UGT1A1*6 genotyping in the Vietnamese Kinh Population

2026-03-19T08:58:51+00:00

Irinotecan-induced toxicities, such as neutropenia and diarrhea, affect up to 36% of East Asian colorectal cancer patients due to impaired UGT1A1 glucuronidation, primarily from the UGT1A1*6 variant (c.211G>A, rs4148323). We developed a real-time SYBR Green ARMS-PCR assay using three parallel reactions: internal control with outer primers (OF/OR, 353 bp amplicon), G-specific (OF/IR_G, 176 bp), and A-specific (IF_A/OR, 232 bp). The assay was validated on 30 NGS-confirmed samples (10 GG, 10 GA, 10 AA) and applied to 100 healthy Kinh individuals. It achieved 100% NGS concordance, with ΔCt thresholds (≤ -8 for GG, -3 < ΔCt < 5 for GA, ≥ 8 for AA) yielding 100% sensitivity/specificity. In the Kinh cohort, genotypes were 75 GG (75%), 23 GA (23%), and 2 AA (2%), with G allele frequency 86.5% and A allele 13.5%, conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.877). This probe-free assay enables rapid (<2 hours), low-cost genotyping for personalized irinotecan dosing in low-resource settings.

Combined TNF-α -308 (rs1800629) genotype and TyG index for identifying metabolic syndrome in a Vietnamese adult cohort

2026-03-30T01:32:54+00:00

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a robust surrogate for insulin resistance. This study evaluated the diagnostic and discriminative utility of combining the TyG index with the TNF-α -308G>A (rs1800629) genotype for early identification of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in a Vietnamese cohort, accounting for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MAFLD). This cross-sectional analysis included 311 medical and administrative staff. MetS was defined by harmonized criteria. The TyG index and TNF-α -308 genotypes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) curves, with stratification by MAFLD status. MetS prevalence was 17.4%. The TyG index was a highly significant independent discriminator of MetS (Adjusted OR = 59.73, p < 0.001). The TNF-α -308 A-allele carrier status did not significantly associate with MetS (Adjusted OR = 0.26, p = 0.120). The combined model yielded an AUC of 0.955 versus 0.952 for the reference model (ΔAUC = +0.003). While incremental AUC was slightly higher in the MAFLD subgroup (ΔAUC = +0.014), the synergistic effect was not statistically significant. The TyG index demonstrates excellent diagnostic utility for MetS. However, incorporating the TNF-α -308 genotype does not provide clinically meaningful incremental discriminative value in this population.

Association between KRAS mutations and the endoscopic and histopathological features of colorectal adenomatous polyps

2026-03-31T01:32:56+00:00

Colorectal adenomatous polyps are the principal premalignant lesions in colorectal carcinogenesis, and the combined evaluation of endoscopic features, histopathological characteristics, and molecular alterations such as KRAS mutations may help identify lesions with higher-risk features. This analytical cross-sectional study included 123 colorectal adenomatous polyps treated at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from June 2024 to January 2026 to determine the prevalence of KRAS mutations and to assess the associations between KRAS mutation status and endoscopic and histopathological features. KRAS mutations were detected in 38.2% of polyps, predominantly at codon 12 (26.8%), followed by codon 13 (11.4%), no codon 61 mutation was identified. In univariable analyses, KRAS mutation status was associated with a nodular/lobulated surface, JNET type IIB–III classification, polyp size ≥10 mm, tubulovillous adenoma histology, and high-grade dysplasia. In multivariable logistic regression, only polyp size ≥10 mm (OR = 5.71; 95% CI: 2.08–15.67; p < 0.001) and high-grade dysplasia (OR = 6.81; 95% CI: 1.27–36.36; p = 0.025) remained significantly associated with KRAS mutation status. These findings suggest that KRAS mutations may be associated with more advanced features of colorectal adenomatous polyps, particularly larger size and high-grade dysplasia.

Current evidence on FLG, IL4Rα and CLDN-1 genetic variants in atopic dermatitis in the Vietnamese population: A review study

2026-04-09T02:04:07+00:00

This narrative review was conducted to summarize the currently available evidence on FLG, IL4Rα and CLDN1 genetic variants in atopic dermatitis in the Vietnamese population, based on studies published between 2019 and 2025. The review focused on genotype distribution, allele frequencies and reported associations between genetic variants and clinical characteristics. Available evidence suggests that skin barrier-related genes, particularly FLG and CLDN1, may be associated with epidermal barrier dysfunction, disease severity and family history. The spectrum of FLG variants in the Vietnamese population also appears to be genetically diverse. For IL4Rα, the variants rs1801275 and rs1805010 have not shown a clear association with disease susceptibility, but may be related to disease severity as measured by the SCORAD index and to age of onset. Overall, current findings provide preliminary evidence that genetic factors may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of atopic dermatitis in the Vietnamese population.

Surgical outcomes of fully endoscopic microvascular decompression with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring

2025-11-16T08:05:19+00:00

Endoscopic microvascular decompression combined with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has recently become an advanced technique for treating neurovascular compression syndromes in the cerebellopontine angle. This prospective cohort study included 28 patients-11 with hemifacial spasm and 17 with trigeminal neuralgia-who underwent fully endoscopic decompression at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from September 2024 to October 2025. Neurophysiological monitoring included brainstem auditory evoked potentials, brainstem trigeminal evoked potentials, lateral spread response, and the Zhong-Lee response. In the hemifacial spasm group, the mean preoperative clinical score was 14.0 ± 1.4, which improved to 0 after surgery, and the quality-of-life score decreased from 82% ± 9% preoperatively to 0% postoperatively (p < 0.001). All cases involved anterior inferior cerebellar artery compression with complete intraoperative disappearance of lateral spread responses and positive Zhong-Lee responses. In trigeminal neuralgia, 100% achieved Barrow Neurological Institute grade I pain relief at one month. Reported complications included one meningitis, four transient facial palsy, and two transient facial numbness. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring proved to be a safe and effective surgical technique that ensures precise decompression, functional preservation, and favorable postoperative outcomes.

Motor functional recovery after rehabilitation following parasagittal meningioma surgery: A prospective interventional study from Vietnam

2025-11-05T02:07:32+00:00

This prospective single-group interventional study aimed to evaluate motor functional recovery and identify factors associated with rehabilitation outcomes in patients following parasagittal meningioma surgery. Thirty patients presenting with postoperative motor weakness after tumor resection participated in a standardized 2-week inpatient rehabilitation program combining physical and occupational therapy, followed by outpatient continuation. Motor and functional outcomes were assessed using the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post-intervention. Significant improvements were observed across all scales, with MAS increasing from 30.1 ± 10.9 to 37.8 ± 8.5 and 39.2 ± 8.4, MMT from 126.3 ± 19.8 to 136.0 ± 20.2 and 141.6 ± 18.8, and FIM from 85.0 ± 29.6 to 93.4 ± 20.3 and 99.7 ± 18.6 (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Generalized Estimating Equations analysis revealed that age, peritumoral edema and preoperative motor weakness were not significant predictors. These findings support the role of early, targeted rehabilitation as a beneficial component of postoperative care for patients with parasagittal meningioma. Larger controlled studies with longer follow-up are required to better delineate recovery trajectories and clarify factors influencing rehabilitation outcomes in this population.

Overview of prognostic models for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome

2025-11-27T02:11:21+00:00

Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) represent a key outcome in the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), requiring prognostic models with strong performance and standardized reporting. This review summarizes studies published from 2000 to 2025 investigating models predicting MACE in ACS, including classical clinical scores, biomarker-based models, nomograms, and machine learning approaches. Traditional models reported moderate discrimination for the TIMI score (C-statistic = 0.65) and higher accuracy for GRACE 2.0 (C = 0.75-0.81). In post-intervention cohorts, the CADILLAC, ACTION, and CAMI scores achieved C = 0.80-0.90. Biomarker-integrated models demonstrated improved performance, with BIPass showing C = 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.85). Nomogram-based tools predicting 6-24-month or post-PCI MACE reported AUC = 0.79-0.89. Machine learning models, including deep neural networks and long short-term memory algorithms using dynamic hs-troponin and ECG data, achieved AUC > 0.90 for short-term MACE prediction in emergency department chest-pain cohorts. The findings provide a quantitative overview of the prognostic performance of MACE prediction models in patients with ACS. Overall, the GRACE score remains the cornerstone of risk stratification in NSTEMI-ACS, while nomogram-based and machine learning models show substantial potential for individualized prognostication, and still require local recalibration and external validation to establish their clinical applicability.

A case series of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of upper eyelid retraction in thyroid eye disease

2026-02-13T03:22:52+00:00

This study aimed to descriptively assess changes in eyelid position, disease activity, and ocular surface parameters following subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (80 mg/2 mL) injection in patients with upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease. A case series was conducted on patients treated at Hanoi Medical University Hospital from October 2024 to October 2025. A total of 10 patients and 13 eyes were analyzed; 70.0% of patients had unilateral involvement, while 30.0% presented with bilateral disease. All patients were in a euthyroid state and were maintained on Thyrozol 5-10 mg/day. The mean number of injections was 1.8 ± 0.79. The mean CAS decreased from 2.00 ± 0.89 to 1.36 ± 1.02, and the mean MRD1 decreased from 6.99 ± 1.92 mm to 4.32 ± 1.18 mm following treatment. Favorable clinical outcomes were achieved in 70.0% of patients, 20.0% demonstrated moderate improvement, and 10.0% did not reach the expected therapeutic response. Disease duration and pre-injection severity of eyelid retraction were associated with treatment outcomes. There was no complication reported, except for one case of subcutaneous drug deposition, which resolved spontaneously within one month of follow-up.

Cost-Aware Distillation of a Commercial First-Trimester Preeclampsia Screening Engine in Northern Vietnam: Tiered Feature Sets and Explain Ability

2026-01-13T07:23:46+00:00

Commercial first-trimester preeclampsia (PE) screening engines (e.g., PerkinElmer/FMF) integrate maternal factors, biophysical measures, Doppler indices, and biochemical markers to generate continuous risk ratios, but their use in resource-constrained settings is limited by missing data, centralized assays, and limited transparency. We developed a tiered, interpretable machine-learning (ML) distillation pipeline to approximate the PerkinElmer risk ratio for PE <37 weeks, evaluate fidelity across cost-aware feature tiers, identify minimal deployable feature sets, and assess agreement at the clinical cut-off. A retrospective cohort of 1,051 singleton pregnancies from Northern Vietnam (2023–2025) was split into training (n=850) and test (n=201) sets. Complete-case tiers were defined as Tier 0 (maternal factors + MAP), Tier 1 (+ PlGF/PAPP-A), and Tier 2 (+ UtA-PI). Fidelity was assessed using ranking, regression, and calibration metrics, with interpretability via permutation importance, SHAP, and ablation, and threshold mimicry using the PerkinElmer cut-off. Despite declining tier availability, fidelity remained high (Spearman ρ=0.975–0.981), with strong top-rank agreement and excellent AUC-ROC (0.97–1.00). A minimal feature set (MAP MoM, BMI, parity, PlGF MoM, UtA-PI MoM) retained ≥95% fidelity, supporting scalable, explainable PE triage under real-world constraints.

Characteristics of kidney transplant outpatients from nephrology department, Hue Central hospital: A single-center study

2026-03-12T07:27:05+00:00

Kidney transplantation (KTx) is the optimal treatment for improving survival and quality of life for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A total of 289 kidney transplant recipients were followed in Nephrology Department, Hue Central Hospital, with a significant male predominance (73.36%). The mean age of the cohort was 41.6±11.27 years old, with most patients being between 20 and 40 years old. Among our study cohort, many patients maintained long-term graft function, with 199 patients (n= 68.86%) having a graft survival period of 2-5 years, and 73 patients maintaining graft function for more than 5 years. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 54.74±15.56 ml/min/1.73m², with a corresponding serum creatinine level of 113.9±79.22 μmol/L. Metabolic complications were prevalent in the post-transplant period. Hyperglycemia was observed in 35.89% (n=103) of patients, dyslipidemia in 32.4% (n=93), and hyperuricemia in 46.34% (n=133). Post-transplant anemia (PTA) affected 24.74% (n=71) of patients with similar proportions across genders. Notably, post-transplant erythrocytosis (PTE) was found in 12.2% (n=35) of the cohort, with all affected patients being male. Our observational retrospective study indicates that metabolic-related and hematological complications are common in kidney transplant recipients. Improved management of these complications should be a key focus in post-transplant follow-up care.

Traditional medicine patterns of dysmenorrhea and treatment needs among female students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University Hanoi

2026-03-13T06:56:02+00:00

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to investigate the traditional medicine patterns of dysmenorrhea and the need for traditional medicine treatment among female students at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University Hanoi, from January to May 2025. The study included 172 female students experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. The results showed that the most common traditional medicine patterns of dysmenorrhea were qi stagnation and blood stasis (37.2%), cold-induced blood stasis (26.2%), and dual deficiency of qi and blood (24.4%). Non-pharmacological treatments were commonly used (76.7%), with abdominal massage being the most frequently applied method; the proportions of students using modern medicine and traditional medicine were comparable (29.7% and 27.9%, respectively). Overall, 72.1% of students expressed a need for traditional medicine treatment, mainly due to its perceived safety, minimal side effects, and long-term effectiveness. The findings indicate a relatively high demand for traditional medicine in the management of dysmenorrhea among female students, suggesting the potential role of traditional medicine in reproductive health care for this population.

Outcomes of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) using nerve integrity monitor (NIM) at Hanoi Medical University Hospital

2026-04-01T03:21:38+00:00

This prospective study evaluated outcomes of Nerve Integrity Monitor (NIM) application in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) among 30 patients (93.3% female; mean age 39.7 years old) with benign tumors or differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Among 31 nerves at risk, anatomical variations were identified in 27.3%, including 22.6% penetrating Berry’s ligament, 22.6% passing between inferior thyroid artery branches, and 16.1% with extralaryngeal branching. NIM achieved 100% successful signal detection for initial vagus and RLN stimulation. Signal interference occurred in 46.6% but decreased with experience. Temporary RLN palsy occurred in one patient (3.3%) due to thermal injury during Berry’s ligament dissection, with complete recovery within 3 months; no permanent injury occurred. Stable intraoperative signals provided 100% negative predictive value for normal postoperative vocal cord function. NIM application in TOETVA is feasible and safe, providing reliable intraoperative guidance for RLN preservation. The high rate of anatomical variations underscores the importance of routine neuromonitoring in this approach.

Addressing verification bias in masld screening: A bayesian latent class evaluation of FIB-4 and apri in a low-prevalence occupational cohort

2026-03-23T06:30:14+00:00

Non-invasive tests (NITs), such as the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), are recommended for stratifying risk of advanced fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet their true diagnostic accuracy in primary care is often obscured by verification bias. This study evaluated the operational yield and model-based diagnostic performance of these NITs in a low-prevalence occupational health-check cohort of 238 adults. Operational analysis revealed high overall rule-out yields using pre-specified low-risk thresholds (FIB-4 < 1.30: 93.3%; APRI < 0.50: 92.4%), although the FIB-4 yield declined precipitously in patients aged >60 years old (28.6%). To compensate for the absence of a histological reference standard, a Bayesian Latent Class Analysis (LCA) adjusting for conditional dependence was employed, estimating a true advanced fibrosis prevalence of 2.6% (95% CrI: 0.5%-7.3%). Adjusted for correlated errors, FIB-4 demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to APRI (73.1% vs. 57.8%) while maintaining comparable specificity (92.7% vs. 91.8%). Furthermore, Decision Curve Analysis confirmed that an FIB-4 guided triage strategy maximizes net clinical benefit across relevant threshold probabilities. These findings indicate that FIB-4 is a highly efficient primary care gatekeeping tool, superior to APRI, provided age-adjusted thresholds are applied to older adults.

Lung ultrasound characteristics in community-acquired pneumonia patients at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

2026-04-14T01:58:40+00:00

Semi-quantitative lung ultrasound has increasingly emerged as a bedside tool for evaluating pulmonary parenchymal involvement, yet evidence in community-acquired pneumonia remains limited. This analytical cross-sectional study investigated lung ultrasound features and their associations with selected severity assessment tools and inflammatory markers in 85 patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the Department of General Internal Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, from June 2025 to January 2026. The median age was 73.0 years old, and 55.3% were men. B-lines/lung rockets were the most common ultrasound finding (98.8%), followed by the shred sign (58.8%), air bronchograms (47.1%), and pleural effusion (17.6%). Consolidation with or without interstitial syndrome was the predominant lesion pattern (64.7%), whereas isolated interstitial syndrome accounted for 34.1%. Spline analysis showed that CRP and WBC increased with higher total lung ultrasound scores, with significant overall associations (p<0.001 and p=0.032, respectively). The total lung ultrasound score also increased progressively with pneumonia severity according to both CURB-65 and PSI/PORT (p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, CRP and severity assessed by CURB-65 and PSI/PORT were independently associated with the total lung ultrasound score. Lung ultrasound may therefore support assessment of inflammatory burden, severity stratification, follow-up, and prognostication in community-acquired pneumonia.

Reduced efficacy of pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax®) for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (2022-2023)

2026-04-20T09:16:53+00:00

There are limited data on the tolerability and efficacy of pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax^®) for the first-line treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. A three-day course of Pyramax^® plus one dose of primaquine was administered to 50 children and 70 adults (mean age of 13.8 and 31.6 years old, respectively) infected with P. falciparum in Krong Pa district, Gia Lai province in 2022 and 2023. The follow-up period was 42 days after commencement of treatment. Pyramax^® was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse event reported. The PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response at Day 42 in children was lower than in adults (86.7%, 39/45 vs 96.7%, 59/61; P=0.069). 44.9% (22/49) children and 54.3% (38/70) adults were detected with asexual parasites on Day 3, suggestive of partial artemisinin resistance. The six children, who experienced recrudescent malaria, had significantly higher median parasitemia on Day 0 (27,693 parasites/µL vs 13,395 parasites/µL; P=0.047) and lower median blood pyronaridine concentrations on Day 7 (33.0 ng/mL vs 49.2 ng/mL; P=0.106) compared to those who remained malaria-free by Day 42. The lower efficacy of Pyramax^® in children is concerning and requires monitoring.

Surgical outcomes of mandibular fractures treated with miniplate fixation and management of teeth in the line of fracture

2026-04-18T09:47:59+00:00

Tooth-bearing mandibular fractures require stable fixation while preserving teeth in the fracture line to restore function and reduce complications. This prospective single-arm interventional study evaluated outcomes of miniplate fixation and tooth management in 37 patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation at two hospitals in Dong Nai from July 2025 to March 2026, with 12 weeks of follow-up. Mean age was 33.1 ± 14.2 years old and 67.6% were male. After 12 weeks, good bone healing was achieved in 94.6% and correct occlusion in 97.3%, with no major complications. Maximum mouth opening improved significantly, with good outcomes increasing from 48.6% to 94.6% (p = 0.032). Among 58 teeth in the fracture line, 6 were extracted intraoperatively and 52 were preserved. At 4 and 12 weeks, 1 and 3 teeth required endodontic treatment, and no secondary extraction was needed. Overall, 91.9% of patients had good results, with 97.3%, 94.6%, and 91.9% satisfactory outcomes in anatomical, functional, and aesthetic domains. Miniplate fixation was effective for bone healing, functional recovery, and tooth preservation when appropriately managed.

Clinical outcomes of modified widman flap surgery with and without adjunctive emdogain in anterior maxillary periodontitis: Randomized split-mouth clinical trial

2026-04-21T06:18:32+00:00

Modified Widman flap is a well-established surgical treatment for advanced periodontitis. However, its regenerative potential remains limited, prompting the adjunctive use of Emdogain to improve clinical outcomes. This randomized split-mouth clinical trial evaluated the adjunctive use of Emdogain in anterior maxillary periodontitis at Ho Chi Minh City Odonto-Stomatology Hospital from July 2025 to March 2026. A total of 34 patients with 128 maxillary anterior teeth were included, with comparable baseline probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) between groups. At 1 month, both parameters were significantly reduced in the Emdogain group (p < 0.001). At 3 months, Emdogain achieved greater mean PPD (3.68 ± 0.64 mm vs 4.52 ± 0.72 mm) and CAL (4.08 ± 0.68 mm vs 4.52 ± 0.72 mm), with p < 0.001. Pocket closure was more frequent in the Emdogain group at both 1 and 3 months. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) improved significantly in both groups without significant between-group differences. Pain on day 7 was lower in the Emdogain group, and the proportion of good outcomes at 3 months was higher (76.2% vs 52.4%, p = 0.020). In conclusion, adjunctive Emdogain provided additional some clinical benefits when used in conjunction with modified Widman flap surgery in patients with anterior maxillary periodontitis in short-term.

Anesthetic efficacy of articaine and lidocaine in endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

2026-04-13T00:40:03+00:00

Achieving adequate anesthesia in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis remains challenging. This study compared the anesthetic efficacy of two common clinical regimens, 4% articaine via buccal infiltration and 2% lidocaine via inferior alveolar nerve block. A controlled clinical study was conducted on 60 mandibular molars with symptomatic and electric pulp test (EPT) responses were recorded. Pre-injection pain was comparable between groups (p = 0.528). Post-injection pain was significantly lower in the articaine group (30.8 ± 16.4 vs 38.4 ± 24.8, p = 0.040). The need for supplemental anesthesia was lower in the articaine group than in the lidocaine group (23.3% vs 46.7%, p = 0.046). Pain during instrumentation was also lower with articaine (p = 0.044), whereas no difference reported during access or obturation. The time to achieve a negative EPT response was shorter with articaine (8.6 ± 2.3 vs 10.1 ± 3.4 minutes, p = 0.048). The overall success rate was significantly higher in the articaine group (76.7% vs 53.3%, p = 0.048). To conclude, the articaine buccal infiltration regimen demonstrated superior anesthetic efficacy compared with the lidocaine via inferior alveolar nerve block regimen, particularly in reducing post-injection pain, shortening onset time, and decreasing the need for supplemental anesthesia.

Clinical characteristics and associated factors of insomnia among COPD outpatients at Bach Mai Hospital 2024 - 2025

2026-04-24T03:00:24+00:00

Sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, are common in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and significantly impact their quality of life. This study aimed to identify independent factors of insomnia in COPD patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 118 COPD outpatients at the Outpatient Department of Bach Mai Hospital. Insomnia was diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria, and multivariable modified Poisson regression was applied to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). The prevalence of insomnia in this cohort was 44.1% (52/118). Multivariable analysis revealed that active respiratory symptoms, particularly current cough (aPR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.57–5.77; p = 0.001) and dyspnea (aPR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.78–4.18; p < 0.001). In contrast, the use of SABA (aPR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.33–0.89; p = 0.015) and SAMA (aPR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28–0.89; p = 0.018) were associated with a reduced prevalence of insomnia. These findings suggest that current respiratory symptom burden is a major correlation of insomnia in COPD outpatients, while short-acting bronchodilator use may be associated with a lower prevalence of sleep disturbance.

Effectiveness and safety of capecitabine with or without bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-world evidence from Vietnam

2026-05-05T08:42:04+00:00

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of capecitabine-based maintenance therapy in 182 Vietnamese patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer who achieved disease control after first-line CAPOX plus bevacizumab. Among them, 114 received bevacizumab-capecitabine and 68 received capecitabine alone. Median progression-free survival and overall survival for the whole cohort were 7.9 and 29.6 months, respectively. Compared with capecitabine monotherapy, bevacizumab-capecitabine maintenance was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (11.2 vs. 5.5 months) and overall survival (36.5 vs. 23.5 months). In multivariable analysis, capecitabine monotherapy was independently associated with a higher risk of progression and death, while response to first-line treatment predicted longer progression-free survival and a higher number of metastatic sites was associated with worse overall survival. Both regimens were generally well tolerated, with most adverse events being grade 1-2 and no treatment-related death. These findings suggest that bevacizumab plus capecitabine is an effective and tolerable maintenance strategy for appropriately selected patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in routine Vietnamese clinical practice.

Adjunctive effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine-hyaluronic acid gel in non-surgical treatment of posterior-teeth periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A split-mouth study

2026-05-11T02:20:44+00:00

Periodontitis is more common and often more severe in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in posterior teeth, where anatomical complexity may hinder plaque control and treatment. This split-mouth controlled clinical trial evaluated the adjunctive effect of locally delivered 0.2% chlorhexidine-hyaluronic acid gel in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis involving posterior teeth. Thirty-three eligible patients were consecutively recruited at the Dental Clinic of Phu Nhuan District General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. All participants received non-surgical periodontal therapy on both sides, while the intervention side additionally received subgingival 0.2% chlorhexidine-hyaluronic acid gel at baseline and day 7. Baseline characteristics included a mean age of 64.1 ± 10.5 years old, diabetes duration of 7.3 ± 4.0 years, and HbA1c of 7.2 ± 1.4%. Periodontal status was comparable between sides at baseline. Both groups showed significant improvement in all periodontal parameters at 1 and 3 months. However, the intervention side demonstrated greater short-term improvement, with lower periodontal pocket count, better clinical periodontal parameters, and a more marked reduction in periodontitis severity. Adjunctive local 0.2% chlorhexidine-hyaluronic acid gel enhanced the short-term effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy in this high-risk population.

Early recovery after impacted mandibular third molar surgery with Blue M healing gel

2026-05-11T02:22:46+00:00

Impacted mandibular third molar surgery is commonly followed by pain, facial swelling, trismus, and delayed soft-tissue healing, which can affect patient comfort and oral function. This controlled clinical interventional study with longitudinal follow-up evaluated Blue M gel as an adjunctive local therapy after impacted mandibular third molar removal. Eighty-six eligible patients were randomly assigned to the Blue M gel group or the control group, with 43 patients in each group. Baseline demographic, clinical, and tooth-related characteristics were comparable. Postoperative outcomes included facial swelling, pain, trismus, gingival coverage of the extraction socket, and early wound healing. Both groups showed gradual reduction in swelling over time, but the Blue M gel group had significantly less postoperative swelling after adjustment. Pain scores were also significantly lower in the Blue M gel group from day 1 to day 7. No significant between-group difference was observed for trismus. At day 7, the Blue M gel group showed better gingival coverage of the extraction socket and more favorable wound healing (OR = 5.22 [95% CI: 1.57 - 17.43], p < 0.001) than the control group. These findings suggest that Blue M gel may improve early postoperative recovery after impacted mandibular third molar surgery, particularly by reducing swelling and pain and enhancing gingival coverage and soft-tissue healing.

Clinical and therapeutic factors associated with dyslipidemia in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

2026-05-05T07:17:50+00:00

Dyslipidemia is increasingly recognized as a metabolic complication in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), yet the associated clinical and treatment-related factors remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the clinical and therapeutic factors associated with dyslipidemia in children with CAH. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 73 patients with CAH (aged 1–17 years old) at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. Data on anthropometrics, clinical signs (acanthosis nigricans, Cushing’s syndrome), duration of glucocorticoid and fludrocortisone therapy, and lipid profiles were collected. The results showed that acanthosis nigricans was significantly associated with LDL-C dyslipidemia (p = 0.016). Cushing’s syndrome showed a similar trend (p = 0.07). A shorter duration of fludrocortisone treatment was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.009). No significant association was observed between the duration or dose of glucocorticoid therapy, nor the dose of fludrocortisone, and any lipid components (p > 0.05). These findings suggest the importance of screening for clinical signs of insulin resistance and considering the role of mineralocorticoid therapy in the comprehensive metabolic management of these patients.

Clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction

2026-05-23T08:17:42+00:00

Among 84 patients with cardiogenic shock classified as Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stage D–E, the in-hospital mortality rate was 29.8%. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂) was associated with in-hospital mortality, with an optimal cutoff value of ≤55%. Patients with a cardiac power output (CPO) <0.535 W exhibited higher in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest that SvO₂ and CPO may provide additional value for early risk stratification among patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction, even within the same SCAI stage.

Safety and feasibility of fluoroscopy-guided transseptal puncture during cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A single-center descriptive study

2026-05-26T09:13:30+00:00

Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established rhythm-control strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF), with transseptal puncture (TSP) typically guided by transesophageal or intracardiac echocardiography to optimize safety and accuracy. However, in resource-constrained settings, transseptal puncture is frequently performed using fluoroscopic guidance alone, despite the limited evidence regarding its safety and efficacy. This study evaluated the procedure-related safety and efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided TSP in 24 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing first-time cryoballoon ablation at the Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital between November 2023 and August 2025. All TSP procedures were successfully completed without complications. The mean number of needle attempts was 3.2 ± 1.5, mean fluoroscopy time was 9.2 ± 1.8 minutes, and mean TSP time was 12.0 ± 2.5 minutes. A total of 100 pulmonary veins were acutely isolated; Except for two right inferior pulmonary veins with suboptimal occlusion, which were successfully isolated using the pull-down maneuver, all remaining veins achieved optimal occlusion. At 6-month follow-up, AF recurrence occurred in one patient (4.2%), with a marked reduction in AF burden. Fluoroscopy-guided transseptal puncture alone during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation appears feasible, with high acute procedural success, a favorable 6-month atrial fibrillation recurrence rate, and no observed TSP-related complications in this preliminary cohort.

Evaluation of the anticoagulant effect of Saphia Alkali K90 in an experimental thrombosis model

2025-11-12T03:13:42+00:00

The study aimed to investigate the anticoagulant effects of Saphia Alkali K90 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced thrombosis. Saphia Alkali K90 and rivaroxaban were administered orally for seven consecutive days. Two hours after the final administration, LPS (3 mg/kg) was injected via the tail vein to induce thrombotic changes. Blood samples were collected four hours later to assess coagulation. The results showed that Saphia Alkali K90 at 54 ml/kg/day produced a significant anticoagulant effect, evidenced by increased platelet count and fibrinogen concentration, as well as a significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time compared to the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.05). In contrast, Saphia Alkali K90 at 27 ml/kg/day showed a non-significant tendency toward similar changes (p > 0.05). In conclusion, SAK90 at 54 ml/kg/day exerted an anticoagulant effect in rats with LPS-induced thrombosis.

Potential skin irritation of Tay Son Tam Kiet herbal spray in rabbits

2025-12-11T02:06:46+00:00

Tay Son Tam Kiet herbal spray (TSTK) is a traditional external preparation composed of several medicinal herbs and minerals, including Rhizoma Rhei, Flos Carthami, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Natrium Sulfuricum, Gummi resina Olibanum, Acacia catechu, Rhizoma Bletillae striatae, Sanguis Draconis, Aloe vera, Radix Astragali membranacei, and Radix Paeoniae lactiflorae with the intended use to relieve musculoskeletal pain, swelling, and bruising. To provide preclinical safety information, this study aimed to evaluate its dermal irritation potential in experimental animals. In this study, 0.5 ml of TSTK was applied to one side of the dorsal skin of rabbits, while 0.5 ml of distilled water was applied on the opposite side as a normal control. Both sites were covered with gauze and fixed for 4 hours. The erythema and edema were scored at 1h, 24h, 48h and 72h post-removal. Results showed that no erythema, edema, or other skin lesions were observed in all rabbits at any time point. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 404 and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) classifications, the TSTK herbal spray did not cause skin irritation in rabbits. These results support its safety for further development and clinical application.

Evaluation of the anti-fatigue effects of NSDVT extract in experimental animals

2026-01-19T03:16:34+00:00

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, impaired physical performance, and a reduced ability to perform daily activities, with symptoms that do not improve after rest. NSDVT extract is a traditional herbal formulation composed of Radix Ginseng, Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix Astragali Membranacei, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Polygalae, Fructus Schisandrae, Rhizoma Zingiberis, and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. This formulation has long been used in traditional medicine to tonify Qi and blood, nourish the heart, and calm the mind. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of NSDVT extract in Swiss albino mice. NSDVT extract administered orally at 2.5 and 5 g/kg significantly increased forelimb grip strength and prolonged swimming endurance in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with superior persistence of effect compared to sulbutiamine. In addition, NSDVT extract showed a tendency to increase blood glucose levels, total serum protein concentration, and red blood cell count after two weeks of administration. These findings suggest that NSDVT extract possesses significant anti-fatigue properties and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic option for the management of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic potential of dendrobium officinale combined with camellia hakodae in poloxamer-407-induced experimental model of mice

2026-01-26T03:27:49+00:00

Herbal medicine has been used in folk medicine in many parts of the world due to its potential medicinal properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effects of a natural-derived combination of Dendrobium officinale and Camellia hakodae, abbreviated as VHL, in a Poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia model in Swiss mice. An endogenous hyperlipidemia model was established by intraperitoneal administration of Poloxamer-407 at 200 mg/kg body weight. The VHL extract was administered at doses of 1.14 and 3.42 g/kg body weight, once daily for seven consecutive days. At the end of the study, serum lipid parameters were determined. The results show that serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) were significantly increased in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic control mice. In contrast, TG parameters were markedly reduced in mice treated with the VHL capsules at 1.44 g/kg body weight and 3.42 g/kg body weight. VHL also improved serum HDL-C levels and trendedd to reduce TC and non-HDL-C compared to the cholesterol control group. In conclusion, a naturally derived combination of Dendrobium officinale and Camellia hakodae showed TG-lowering potential and may help prevent hypercholesterolemia in a P407-induced hyperlipidemia model.

An IN VIVO bioequivalence study of two film-coated tablet formulations containing amoxicillin (875 mg) and clavulanic acid (125 mg)

2026-02-23T04:22:36+00:00

This was an open-label, randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, single-dose crossover study conducted under fasting conditions in 36 healthy volunteers to assess bioequivalence of two film-coated tablet formulations containing amoxicillin 875 mg and clavulanic acid 125 mg. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the test or the reference formulation containing 875 mg of amoxicillin and 125 mg of clavulanic acid in each study period. A washout interval of six days was applied between the two periods. Blood samples were collected prior to dosing and up to 8 hours post-administration. Plasma concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were quantified using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. For amoxicillin, the 90% confidence intervals of the test-to-reference ratios for C_max, AUC_0–t, and AUC_0–∞ were 97.38–108.77%, 94.81–103.99%, and 94.66–104.03%, respectively. For clavulanic acid, the corresponding 90% confidence intervals were 96.21–115.11%, 91.31–109.26%, and 91.97–109.48%. All values fell within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80–125%. No adverse event was reported during the study. Bioequivalence and good tolerability were demonstrated between the test and reference products containing amoxicillin 875 mg and clavulanic acid 125 mg in healthy Vietnamese subjects.

Evaluation of acute and subchronic oral toxicity of S-Men in experimental Wistar rats

2026-02-27T02:56:54+00:00

This study aimed to assess the acute and repeated-dose oral toxicity of the S-Men formulation in experimental animals. Acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats via oral administration following the OECD 423 fixed-dose method. Subchronic toxicity was investigated through a 90-day repeated-dose oral study per OECD 408 guidelines. The acute toxicity results demonstrated that S-Men at doses up to 5000 mg/kg did not cause acute toxicity, and the LD₅₀ could not be determined. In the repeated-dose study, S-Men administered at 1096 mg/kg/day and 3288 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days caused no significant change in general condition, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, or liver and kidney histopathology compared to the normal control group. Thus, S-Men exhibited no acute toxicity at doses up to 5000 mg/kg and did not cause subchronic toxicity at 1096 and 3288 mg/kg/day over 12 weeks in Wistar rats.

Evaluation of acute toxicity and effect of picositol in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in animal models

2026-02-06T09:57:58+00:00

This study aims to investigate the acute toxicity and the therapeutic potential of Picositol in a letrozole-induced PCOS model in Wistar rats. An acute toxicity study of Picositol by administering a single dose (5000 mg/kg) was done in rats following OECD guideline 423. For the PCOS-induced experiment, after induction of PCOS by orally administered letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days, female rats were divided into six groups for treatment up to 15 consecutive days. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the study for the determination of sex hormone levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and the relative weight of fat, uterus, and ovaries was separated. The results demonstrated that treatment with Picositol at both doses significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and increased GSH. In addition, the formulation improved endocrine disturbances by lowering testosterone and showing a tendency to increase progesterone, while no improvement in estradiol was observed. Picositol also decreased fat mass and ovarian weight and tended to increase uterine weight relative to the model group. Collectively, these findings indicate that Picositol exhibited no detectable acute toxicity and provided supportive therapeutic effects on experimental polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rats.

Evaluating acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Ich can thanh oral solution in a paracetamol-induced acute hepatitis mouse model

2026-03-30T02:45:10+00:00

This study investigated the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of Ich can thanh oral solution in a mouse model of paracetamol-induced acute hepatitis. The acute toxicity was assessed through oral administration, and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was estimated using the Litchfield-Wilcoxon method. In the paracetamol-induced acute hepatitis model, mice were randomly divided into experimental groups and pretreated orally with distilled water, silymarin (140 mg/kg), or Ich can thanh (4.8 or 9.6 mL/kg/day) for eight consecutive days. Acute liver injury was induced by oral administration of paracetamol (400 mg/kg). Forty-eight hours after induction, serum biochemical parameters, liver weight, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and histopathological changes were assessed. No mortality or toxic signs at doses up to 120 mL/kg (approximately 25 times higher than the intended human dose), indicating that LD₅₀ exceeds the highest tested dose. Additionally, Ich can thanh 4.8 mL/kg/day showed a trend towards hepatoprotection, whereas 9.6 mL/kg/day significantly reduced liver weight, decreased AST and ALT activities, increased serum albumin levels, attenuated lipid peroxidation, and improved liver histopathological compared with the model group. In conclusion, Ich can thanh, particularly at 9.6 mL/kg/day, exerts significant hepatoprotective effects in a mouse model of paracetamol-induced acute liver injury.

A 90 - day repeated dose oral gavage toxicity evaluation study of the combined myo-inositol product s-femme in Wistar rats

2026-03-30T02:41:34+00:00

In the present study, a sub-chronic oral toxicity study was designed to assess the safety of S-FEMME powder in Wistar rats. The 90-day toxicity study was conducted by oral administration at doses of 0 (control), 0.12, and 0.36 sachets/kg/day for a continuous period of 90 days in Wistar rats. The evaluated parameters included body weight, clinical observations, hematological and biochemical analyses, gross necropsy, and histopathological assessment. The findings demonstrated that oral exposure to S-FEMME at both dose levels did not induce any clinical sign, no mortality, toxicologically significant changes in hematology, clinical biochemistry, macroscopic findings, or histopathological examination. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of S-FEMME is greater than 0.36 sachets/kg/day when administered orally for 90 consecutive days at two doses in Wistar rats.

Sedative effects of the naturally derived product NSDVT in experimental animals

2026-04-23T03:26:48+00:00

Sleep disturbance is a prominent and debilitating feature of chronic fatigue syndrome, underscoring the need for safe sedative agents. The present study investigated the sedative effects of NSDVT using standardized experimental models in mice. NSDVT was administered orally at 2.5 and 5 g/kg, with diazepam serving as a positive control. Spontaneous locomotor activity, Rotarod test, and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time were assessed. NSDVT significantly reduced both horizontal and vertical locomotor activity compared with baseline and control values. Diazepam produced a more pronounced reduction at 1 hour post-administration, whereas NSDVT, particularly at 5 g/kg, exhibited a stronger effect at 3 hours, indicating a delayed but sustained sedative action. In the rotarod test, both doses of NSDVT and diazepam significantly decreased the latency to fall. Similarly, diazepam exerted a greater effect at 1 hour, while NSDVT at 5 g/kg showed a more marked reduction at 3 hours. In the hexobarbital-induced sleep test, NSDVT did not affect sleep latency but significantly prolonged sleeping time to 113.45% and 150.83% of control values, with statistical significance observed at the higher dose. These findings demonstrate that NSDVT produces a clear sedative effect characterized by central nervous system depression with a delayed onset.

An assessment of acute and subchronic toxicity of Gas Anta Syrup in rodents

2026-04-27T02:31:47+00:00

Gas Anta Syrup is a formulation derived from herbal ingredients, intended for the supportive treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of Gas Anta Syrup in Swiss mice. In the acute toxicity test, mice were administered increasing doses of the syrup to determine the minimum dose causing 100% mortality and the maximum dose causing 0% mortality. In the subchronic toxicity study, mice were divided into a control group and two treatment groups receiving the syrup at 4.32 and 12.96 mL/kg/day for 4 weeks. Parameters monitored included general conditions, body weight, hematological and biochemical indices, as well as gross and microscopic examinations of the liver and kidneys. Results indicated that at the maximum feasible dose of 100 mL/kg, no toxic manifestation or mortality was observed in the acute toxicity study. No significant difference was observed in the monitored indices between the treatment groups and the control group in the subchronic toxicity study. In conclusion, Gas Anta Syrup does not induce acute or subchronic toxicity in Swiss mice at the tested dosage levels.

Self-stigma and associated factors among the LGBTQ+ community in northern and central Vietnam in 2024

2026-04-12T21:55:51+00:00

LGBTQ+ individuals in Vietnam face significant mental health challenges due to self-stigma, which arises from internalizing negative societal attitudes toward their sexual orientation and gender identity. This self-stigma contributes to psychological distress and exacerbates mental health disparities; however, evidence on its prevalence and associated factors in Vietnam remains limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess self-stigma prevalence and identify related factors among LGBTQ+ individuals in Northern and Central Vietnam in 2024. We recruited 250 participants and measured self-stigma using a validated 24-item, three-factor scale assessing internalized negative beliefs, reactions to societal judgment, and feelings of inferiority. Results showed that 11.2% of participants experienced self-stigma (mean score ≥2.5). Individuals aged 25-35 and males had higher odds of self-stigma compared to their counterparts (OR = 8.33, 95% CI: 1.96-33.33; and OR = 8.33, 95% CI: 1.89-339.33, respectively).. Specifically, individuals aged over 30 years old, men, and those who had not fully disclosed their sexual orientation reported greater self-stigma. Biological gender, age, and disclosure status were significantly associated with self-stigma, whereas place of residence, religion, income level, and marital status were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the need for supportive environments that encourage safe disclosure, strengthen social support networks, and reduce self-stigma to improve mental health outcomes among LGBTQ+ individuals in Vietnam.

Students’ nutritional status at Thach Ban High School (Hanoi) and Tien Lu High School (Hung Yen) in 2024 - 2025

2026-02-23T04:50:28+00:00

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the nutritional status of 259 students from Thach Ban High School (Hanoi) and Tien Lu High School (Hung Yen) during the 2024 - 2025 academic year. Nutritional status was classified according to WHO 2006 standards, and data were analyzed using Jamovi with Fisher’s Exact Test. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among students at Thach Ban than at Tien Lu (26.61% vs. 11.11%, p = 0.001), while obesity rates did not differ significantly between the two schools (p = 0.532). A significantly greater proportion of students with normal nutritional status was observed at Tien Lu (p = 0.038). Male students showed a higher prevalence of overweight (p = 0.015), whereas female students were more likely to have normal nutritional status (p = 0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of stunting or thinness (p > 0.05). Overall, the findings indicate a double burden of malnutrition among high school students, with disparities by region and gender.

Distribution of FMR1 alleles in the Vietnamese pregnant population: Implications for a national screening strategy

2026-04-24T07:30:44+00:00

The expansion of cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) trinucleotide repeats in the 5′-untranslated region (5’-UTR) of the FMR1 gene leads to a spectrum of multisystem conditions collectively referred to as FMR1-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of FMR1 allele groups among 4,000 pregnant women, thereby elucidating the genetic landscape of FMR1 within the Vietnamese population. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for genotyping, and data collection for analysis involving demographic, clinical, and family history. The observed frequencies of the normal, intermediate, and premutation allele carriers were 98.85%, 1.1%, and 0.05%, respectively, while no full mutation carriers were detected. A statistically significant association was observed between the distribution of FMR1 allele groups and risk stratification based on family history. The Vietnamese population may exhibit a lower risk for FMR1-related disorders. Consequently, a targeted screening strategy focusing on high-risk individuals, rather than universal screening, may be a more pragmatic and cost-effective approach within the Vietnamese healthcare context.

Trends in breast cancer incidence among females in Hanoi, 2014-2023, and projections to 2040

2026-05-05T04:34:26+00:00

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and in Vietnam. This study aimed to describe trends in breast cancer incidence among females in Hanoi from 2014 to 2023 and to project the future burden up to 2040. A cross-sectional study with temporal trend analysis was conducted using data from the Hanoi Cancer Registry. Incident cases (ICD-10 code C50) diagnosed between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023, were included. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression (version 5.0.2, National Cancer Institute, USA), with a jump model applied to account for potential disruptions during the COVID-19 period. Future cases were projected using a Poisson regression model with population as an offset in Stata version 17.0. A total of 15,646 cases were recorded, with an overall age-standardized incidence rate of 37.77 per 100,000 women. Incidence remained stable from 2014 to 2018, followed by a significant increase from 2018 to 2023. Projections indicate that cases may rise from 1,972 in 2023 to approximately 3,325 by 2040, particularly among women aged ≥50 years old, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen targeted early detection and mammography screening programs for this population.

Meigs’ syndrome in a young patient: A case report

2025-12-10T02:01:22+00:00

Meigs syndrome is a rare benign condition defined by the triad of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion, which resolve after tumor removal. It commonly occurs in postmenopausal women and may mimic malignancy due to elevated CA-125 levels and fluid accumulation. It is extremely rare in females under 30. A 17-year-old girl presented with a palpable lower abdominal mass, without fever or weight loss. CT scan revealed a 110×70 mm pelvic mass, ascites (53 mm), bilateral pleural effusion, and elevated CA-125 (340.8 U/mL). Exploratory surgery and frozen section biopsy confirmed a benign ovarian fibroma. Only the affected adnexa were removed, preserving reproductive organs. Symptoms resolved completely after surgery. Meigs syndrome should be considered even in young patients with ovarian masses and effusions. Timely surgery with intraoperative frozen section is crucial for diagnosis and fertility-preserving treatment.

Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report

2026-01-07T03:15:31+00:00

Statins are first-line lipid-lowering therapy for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and are the mainstay agents in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Rhabdomyolysis is one of the rare adverse effects of statin therapy, the incidence of which increases in the presence of risk factors such as concurrent use of CYP3A4-inhibiting medications, male gender, and over 60 years old.¹ In this report, we present a case of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis diagnosed and managed at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Patient was treated with aggressive hydration and statin was withdrawn. Subsequently, the patient recovered gradually with no residual deficit. Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse effect requiring timely management. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis to prevent complications, particularly given the widespread use of statins among elderly patients and those with multiple comorbidities.

Temporal peripapillary vitreoretinal traction associated with bergmeister’s papilla: A rare case report and brief review

2026-01-21T02:07:40+00:00

Bergmeister’s papilla is a rare congenital optic disc remnant that is usually benign. We report a case of temporal peripapillary retinal traction associated with Bergmeister’s papilla in a 42-year-old asymptomatic woman. She presented with mild near-vision blur due to presbyopia, but normal distance vision and had 20/20 visual acuity bilaterally. Anterior segment and intraocular pressures were normal. Fundus examination revealed a large Bergmeister’s papilla in the right eye, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) demonstrated temporal peripapillary traction with focal cystic change while preserving the foveal contour. The patient was counseled and scheduled for six-month follow-up. This case highlights that although Bergmeister’s papilla is typically benign, it may occasionally induce subtle tractional changes, and comprehensive evaluation using OCT is essential for accurate diagnosis and long-term monitoring.

A clinical case report on the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus at Hanoi Medical University Hospital

2026-03-23T01:52:18+00:00

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus (SCNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive histological subtype that requires a multimodal treatment approach, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Among these options, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP) regimen is an effective treatment choice for patients with locoregional disease. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with stage cT4bN2M0 SCNEC who received radiotherapy combined with EP chemotherapy. Following treatment, endoscopic evaluation revealed marked tumor regression, leaving only a residual ulcer scar, and tumor markers returned to normal levels, indicating a complete clinical response (CCR). To date, follow-up has shown no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis, with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 24 months. This case demonstrates the efficacy and safety of combined radiotherapy and EP chemotherapy in locoregional SCNEC, highlighting its potential to achieve CCR and prolong PFS.

Prothrombin complex concentrate for doac-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: First case report from Vietnam

2026-04-10T09:21:23+00:00

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is a life-threatening condition with a high risk of hematoma expansion. In settings where specific reversal agents such as andexanet alfa are unavailable, 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is commonly used as an alternative for urgent coagulation reversal. We report a 56-year-old man receiving rivaroxaban who presented with acute left thalamic intracerebral hemorrhage (baseline hematoma volume 3.6 mL). On admission, his international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.55 and anti-factor Xa level was 201.3 ng/mL. 4F-PCC was administered at a dose of 25 IU/kg (total 1,500 IU) at 5.7 hours after symptom onset (door-to-PCC time: 102 minutes). Thirty minutes after infusion, INR decreased to 1.28, with subsequent reduction in anti-Xa activity. Follow-up CT at 24 hours showed no hematoma expansion. No thromboembolic complications were observed. The patient achieved a favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 2) at discharge. This case illustrates the feasibility of 4F-PCC for early coagulation reversal in DOAC-associated ICH in a resource-limited setting. However, given the small hematoma volume and single-case design, the contribution of 4F-PCC to clinical outcome should be interpreted with caution.

Thoracoscopic pericardial window surgery for complex postoperative pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery: A case series

2026-04-29T02:42:08+00:00

Postoperative pericardial effusion is a common complication after cardiac surgery, particularly when the effusion is recurrent, or clinically significant. When the effusion is predominantly posterior, or associated with clot formation, percutaneous drainage begins difficult or ineffective. We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients who developed clinically significant pericardial effusion after open cardiac surgery and underwent left thoracoscopic posterior pericardial window. Imaging showed non-drainable loculated or posterior effusions in all cases. The interval from surgery to effusion ranged from 10 days to 2 months. Intraoperative findings included clotted hemopericardium, hemorrhagic effusion, and serous effusion. Histopathology showed chronic pericarditis without malignancy or tuberculosis. All patients improved after surgery, with no recurrence, mortality, or major complication at 3 months.

A novel compound heterozygous fshr variant associated with primary amenorrhea: The first case report in Vietnam

2025-12-17T08:56:49+00:00

Primary amenorrhea is a rare condition with heterogeneous causes, including anatomic and sexual development problems, ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamus or pituitary illnesses, and other endocrine gland disorders. Genetic etiology may involve chromosomal abnormalities or gene mutations. Variants in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene are extremely rare, with only a few cases reported worldwide. We describe a 32-year-old Vietnamese female with primary amenorrhea and repeated in vitro fertilization failure due to absent ovarian response. She exhibited a small uterus on ultrasound, and hormonal testing results of ovarian insufficiency status and a normal 46,XX karyotype. Clinical exome sequencing revealed an in trans compound heterozygous FSHR variant: c.656_659del and c.263C>T, which were classified as likely pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance with high possibility of pathogenicity, accordingly. Despite gonadotropin stimulation at a high dose, the woman failed to produce mature oocytes. This study reports the first Vietnamese case with primary amenorrhea that is related to novel FSHR variants. The findings expand the FSHR mutation spectrum and underscore the importance of genetic testing and counseling in unexplained ovarian insufficiency.