Journal of Medical Research

1. Thromboelastometry predicts thrombosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai — 2025-07-28

ROTEM is a test to evaluate the overall hemostasis process. To predict the risk of thrombosis, a study was conducted on 125 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing thromboelastometry from February to December 2024 at Bach Mai Hospital. The results showed that the disease is more common in male/, the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma is hepatitis B. The CFT index of INTEM and EXTEM in the group with thrombosis was shorter than the group without thrombosis. The alpha, A10, MCF indexes in INTEM and EXTEM, MCF of FIBTEM in the group with thrombosis were higher than the group without thrombosis with statistical significance at p < 0.05. MCF FIBTEM is the parameter with the best correlation with hypercoagulability in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, increased MCF of FIBTEM (> 17.5mm) is associated with a 2.488-fold higher risk of portal vein thrombosis.

2. Facial soft tissue characteristics on cephalometric radiographic between students with class I and III malocclusion at the UMP – VNU

Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen — 2025-07-28

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to compare the characteristics of soft tissue on lateral cephalometric radiographs among students with Class I and Class III malocclusion groups at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy – Vietnam National University, Hanoi 97 subjects were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria And underwent clinical examination and lateral cephalometric radiography. Soft tissue parameters were measured using Webceph software, and data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0. The results and conclusion indicated that in male participants, indicators such as the soft tissue facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, upper lip thickness at point AA', and chin soft tissue thickness were significantly higher in the Class III group compared to the Class I group. In contrast, most of these indicators showed no significant difference between the two occlusion types in female participants. Analyzing and comparing soft tissue parameters across different malocclusion types can support facial aesthetic assessment and improve orthodontic treatment planning.

3. A study on the current Tacrolimus usage and therapeutic drug monitoring program in pediatric patients at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital

Nguyen Viet Anh — 2025-07-28

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 69 patients at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from 2020 to 2022 to assess the current usage of tacrolimus (TAC) and the therapeutic drug monitoring program. 22 liver transplant patients , 18 kidney transplant recipients, 25 nephrotic syndrome patients (NS), and 4 systemic lupus erythematosus patients were included in this study. Results showed that the initial TAC dose was around 0.1 mg/kg/day in all groups. There were 27 patients (39.1%) who experienced TAC-related adverse events, of which 63.6% were liver transplant patients (14/27 cases). The highest therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) frequency in the first two weeks was observed in liver transplant patients (4.2 times/week); however, this group had the lowest proportion of samples within the target range and the highest intra-patient variability, indicating significant fluctuation in TAC levels. The study recommends developing specific TDM guidelines for each indication and strengthening collaboration between clinicians and clinical pharmacists to optimize treatment in pediatric patients.

4. Prognostic value of PET/CT for overall survival in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy at National Cancer Hospital

Nguyen Van Dang — 2025-07-28

Hypopharyngeal cancer is a common malignant disease among head and neck cancers. This restrospective cross-sectional study included 67 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy from January 2019 to January 2024 at K Hospital. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of pre-treatment PET/CT imaging parameters, specifically SUVmax and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), for overall survival in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The findings demonstrated that SUVmax ≥ 15.5 or MTV ≥ 11cm³ were independent prognostic factors for overall survival, regardless of tumor stage or location, with corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) of 3,21 (p = 0.003) and 2.02 (p = 0.025), respectively.

5. Application of timelapse in embryo selection for preimplantation genetic biopsies

Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao — 2025-07-28

In order to select high-quality embryos for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) therefore reduce costs for patients, we conducted a prospective descriptive study on embryos cultured and selected for PGT based on embryo morphokinetics. Time-Lapse (TL) were employed for embryos monitoring. Embryos were cultured in the ES+ TL incubator until day 5–6. Embryos selected for biopsy were chosen using the KIDScore, based on full morphokinetic observation via TL and embryo evaluation using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology integrated into the TL incubator. These embryos were biopsied and genetically analyzed to assess the correlation between embryo morphokinetics and preimplantation genetic test results. The results showed that the embryos selected for biopsy primarily had KIDScore values ranging from 5 to 9. Embryos selected via TL had a higher rate of normal genetic results and a lower rate of abnormalities compared to those selected by conventional methods. Embryos that divided early-from post-ICSI to the 5-cell stage-had a higher rate of normal genetic profiles compared to late-dividing embryos. Therefore, TL is effective in helping select high-quality embryos for PGT.

6. The value of microbiological tests in detecting bacterial and viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid specimens

Tran Thi Ngan — 2025-07-28

Meningitis and encephalitis are severe infectious diseases with high mortality and risk of sequelae. The identification of causative agents could guide treatment. In this study of 1,248 patients who underwent microbiological testing of cerebrospinal fluid specimens, the proportions of patients tested by Gram stain, culture, and multiplex PCR were 16.2%, 90.1%, and 58.6%, respectively. Bacteria identified by culture included Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes. Of the 145 patients with positive multiplex PCR results, the proportions of bacterial, viral, bacterial-viral co-infection, and multiple viral infections were 3.5%, 91.7%, 0.7%, and 4.1%, respectively. Among patients who underwent both culture and multiplex PCR, PCR increased the pathogen detection rate from 0.8% to 20.8%.

7. Serum Methadone concentration in opioid - dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy

Nguyen Quynh Giao — 2025-07-28

Steady-state plasma methadone concentration is considered an indicator for quantifying methadone metabolism and can serve as a surrogate marker for treatment response and efficacy. We evaluated the relationship between serum drug concentration and therapeutic dose adjustment of trough serum levels. It is known that 150 - 600 ng/mL range in methadone maintenance therapy effectively suppress opioid use. Trough serum methadone concentrations in 200 patients with methadone therapy were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The mean serum concentration in the study was 257.59 ± 212.62 ng/mL, showing a strong correlation with the therapeutic dose (Spearman's Rho = 0.65).

8. Development of a procedure to evaluate mRNA expression of the ifnγ gene in cultured gamma delta T cells from lung cancer patients utilizing real-time PCR method

Nguyen Thi Thuy Mau — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to develop a procedure for evaluating the mRNA expression of the IFNγ gene in cultured γδT cells derived from lung cancer patients using Real-time PCR technique. This serves as a preliminary step to support the role of γδT cells and the IFNγ cytokine in autologous immune cell therapy for lung cancer in Vietnam. The study was conducted on 10 peripheral blood samples collected from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. γδT cells were isolated and cultured for 14 days. Total RNA was then extracted, reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and analyzed using semi-quantitative Real-time PCR to assess IFNγ gene expression. Gene expression was compared between day 0 and day 14 of culture. The results showed a significant increase in IFNγ mRNA expression after 14 days of γδT cell culture, with an average fold change of 3.21 ± 1.42 compared to pre-culture levels. The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 550C, and the most effective primer concentrations were 14.2 pmol/μl for β-actin and 12 pmol/μl for IFNγ, yielding clear, specific bands and consistent expression data. A reliable procedure for evaluating IFNγ mRNA expression in cultured γδT cells using Real-time PCR was successfully established.

9. Optimization of the evaluation protocol for TNFα gene expression in cultured natural killer cells from lung cancer patients using real-time PCR method

Nguyen Thi Thuy Mau — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to establish and optimize a standardized protocol for evaluating TNFα gene expression in natural killer (NK) cells cultured from peripheral blood of patients with non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 10 patients diagnosed with NSCLC, NK cells were isolated and expanded under controlled culture conditions to enhance cellular activation and proliferation. The protocol was optimized with respect to critical PCR and Real-time PCR parameters, including annealing temperature, primer concentration, and the use of β-actin as an internal control gene. TNFα expression levels were quantified using the 2-^∆∆Ct method. After 21 days of culture, TNFα expression showed a mean increase of 2.22 ± 1.08- fold compared to baseline, while β-actin expression remained stable across time points, ensuring the reliability of quantitative analyses. The optimized protocol provides an effective approach for quantifying TNFα gene expression in NK cells, serving as an indicator of enhanced immune functionality. These findings support the potential application of ex vivo-expanded NK cells as an adjunctive strategy in cancer immunotherapy, particularly within the clinical context of Vietnam.

10. Association between malocclusion and genetic mutations in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta

Nguyen Thi Thu Huong — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to determine the association between malocclusion and genetic variants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 31 OI patients aged 2 – 19 years old. Clinical examinations and radiographic imaging were performed to assess malocclusion, and whole-genome sequencing was used to identify genetic mutations. Among the study participants, 32 variants in type I collagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) were recorded, with Class III malocclusion observed in 56.25% of cases. Notably, the prevalence was significantly higher in the COL1A2 group (77.8%) compared to the COL1A1 group (47.8%). Class III malocclusion was also significantly more frequent in patients with qualitative variants (75%) than patients with quantitative variants (37.5%) (p = 0.033). These findings suggest that gene mutation type influences the manifestation of malocclusion in OI patients. Identifying the mutation type may assist in early prognosis and development of personalized dental treatment.

11. Evaluation of motor function following intervention by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy combined with rehabilitation in ischemic stroke patients

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thuy — 2025-07-28

The study was conducted to evaluate changes in motor function in patients with ischemic stroke using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) following intervention with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapy combined with rehabilitation. This was a Phase I + II clinical trial with a control group, involving 64 patients with ischemic stroke. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group (32 patients) received UC-MSC therapy (administered either intravenously or via intrathecal injection) along with rehabilitation training, while the control group (32 patients) received rehabilitation only. Results showed significant improvement in FMA scores within the intervention group at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the intervention group exhibited greater improvement in FMA scores than the control group at 6 and 12 months, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in FMA scores were observed between the intravenous and intrathecal administration routes.

12. Evaluation of miRNA-29a-5p expression and its association with clinical and paraclinical characteristics in hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis patients

Ngo Dieu Hoa — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNA-29a-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in early-stage disease and in the context of chronic liver disease caused by HBV infection. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, quantifying serum miRNA-29a-5p levels using qPCR in two phases: screening (30 patients) and validation (300 patients). The results showed that miRNA-29a-5p was significantly overexpressed in the HCC group compared to the hepatitis B and cirrhosis groups, with corresponding fold-changes of 2.69 and 2.07 (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of miRNA-29a-5p for distinguishing HCC from chronic hepatitis B was 0.677 (p < 0.001), and for distinguishing HCC from cirrhosis was 0.758, which was higher than AFP (AUC = 0.729). In patients with HCC, when comparing the expression levels of miRNA-29a-5p between the two groups with AFP ≤ 20 ng/mL and > 20 ng/mL, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.032).

13. Molecular biological features and ctDNA status of stage II-III colon cancer

Tran Thi Anh Tho — 2025-07-28

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 102 patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer treated at K Hospital and Nghe An Cancer Hospital. The study aimed to characterize the molecular biology features and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status post-curative resection. The highest mutation rate was observed in the APC gene (64.7%), followed by TP53 (52.9%), KRAS (45.1%), PIK3CA (24.5%), and SMAD4 (16.67%). APC and TP53 mutations were predominantly located in the left colon, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.005 and p = 0.006, respectively). In contrast, SMAD4 mutations were more frequent in the right colon (p = 0.011). The postoperative ctDNA detection rate was 14.7%, and was significantly higher in poorly differentiated, mucinous, and signet-ring cell carcinoma subtypes (p = 0.042). Molecular characteristics and ctDNA status provide valuable insights for developing biomarkers to assist in diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and prognosis assessment in colorectal cancer patients.

14. Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Severity of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Children

Phan Viet Hung — 2025-07-28

Vitamin D is believed to modulate immune responses and may influence the progression of Dengue fever. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and disease severity in 92 pediatric patients diagnosed with Dengue at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Median 25(OH)D levels tended to decrease with increasing disease severity (Dengue without warning signs: 54.3 ng/mL; with warning signs: 61.9 ng/mL; severe Dengue: 41.8 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Laboratory findings showed that albumin, platelet count, and fibrinogen levels decreased, while hematocrit, liver enzymes, and aPTT increased with disease severity. However, 25(OH)D did not remain statistically significant in the multinomial logistic regression model, suggesting that it may not serve as an independent prognostic factor. These results imply a potential association between vitamin D status and severe forms of Dengue, although further research is needed to elucidate this relationship and explore its possible clinical applications.

15. Information-seeking behaviors and utilization of care and intervention services for children with autism spectrum disorder

Pham Thi Yen — 2025-07-28

This study described the current situation of health seeking behaviors and utilization of care and intervention services for children with autism spectrum disorder in Hanoi, 2024. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 191 parents of children under 15 years old with autism spectrum disorder who are using services in Hanoi. The results showed that the two most frequently and consistently used information sources by parents were specialeducation teachers (49.2% frequentlyand 28.3%continuously) and the internet (42.9% frequentlyand 22.5%,continuously ). The four top prioritized criteria for information seeking are attitude and qualifications of staff, quality, reputation, and cost. A significant percentage of parents (87.4%) used more than three kinds s of child care servicessimultaneously; special education and inclusion support are the two most frequently used services (72.7% and 69.1%, respectively), with the highest satisfaction rates (over 75%). In conclusion, strengthening communication and community education, along with promoting the provision of accurate information regarding ASD and available support services, is crucial to support parents and children with special needs.

16. Research on the indications for elective cesarean section at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and gynecology: Causes and affecting factors

Vu Van Du — 2025-07-28

An elective cesarean section is a planned surgical delivery of the fetus before the onset of labor, performed either for clear medical indications or upon maternal request. This study, conducted at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from August 1, 2023, to August 1, 2024, aimed to analyze the indications and factors influencing the decision to perform an elective cesarean section. The results showed that the primary indication originated from fetal and fetal appendage factors (42.5%), followed by maternal factors (40.37%) and social factors (17.13%). Demographic characteristics were found to be associated with the decision for cesarean section; urban women employed in administrative or office-related professions, had higher cesarean rates. The study recommends expanding the research scope to further analyze strategies for reducing the cesarean section rate, as well as conducting in-depth investigations into the social and medical factors influencing elective cesarean decisions. Additionally, it highlights the need to develop a monitoring and early intervention system targeting these factors to minimize unnecessary cesarean sections and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

17. Diagnostic utility of amniotic fluid karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital

Mai Trong Hung — 2025-07-28

Conventional karyotyping remains a fundamental and routinely utilized cytogenetic assay in prenatal diagnostic centers. This study aims to illustrate chromosomal abnormalities and assess the diagnostic utility of karyotyping in cases undergoing amniocentesis based on various clinical indications. The detection rate was 11.49%, including 8.5% with numerical chromosomal abnormalities, 1.6% with structural chromosomal abnormalities, 1.3% with mosaicism, and 0.09% with other genetic abnormalities. Among the seven indications for amniocentesis, the highest number was abnormal ultrasound findings (1,792 cases, 54.7%) with a chromosomal aberration rate of 11.2%. The highest detection rate was observed in parents with genetic abnormalities (38.5%). The highest positive predictive value was found in the NIPT combined with the other indication group (65%). In conclusion, karyotyping remains a highly significant test for detecting chromosomal aberrations in prenatal diagnosis.

18. Outcomes of reconstructive surgery using autologous skin grafts for soft tissue defects of the dorsal foot

Tran Thiet Son — 2025-07-28

We evaluated the surgical outcome of 35 patients with soft tissue defects of the dorsal foot who underwent autologous skin grafting at Bach Mai Hospital. The surgeries were performed between January 2023 and March 2025. 25 cases received full-thickness skin grafts and 10 cases received split-thickness grafts, with the most common causes of injury being snake bites and infections. The average defect area was larger in the split-thickness group. After an average wound bed preparation period of 9.3 days, 97.1% of patients achieved favorable short-term outcomes without the need for additional grafting. In the long-term, 34 patients regained good motor function, 54.3% of patients achieved sensory recovery at levels S3–S4, and no case of anesthesia was recorded. Normal wound healing at the graft site occurred in 77.1% of cases, with higher aesthetic satisfaction in the full-thickness group (80%) compared to the split-thickness group (50%). We suggest autologous skin grafting yielded favorable clinical results in terms of functional and aesthetic recovery, with high recovery rates and low complication rates, particularly in cases using full-thickness grafts.

19. The early results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat acute calculous cholecystitis at Vietnam - Sweden Uongbi Hospital

Vu Duc Thu — 2025-07-28

This study is to evaluate the early results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat acute calculous cholecystitis at Vietnam - Sweden Uong Bi Hospital. This study included 90 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, who have undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Vietnam - Sweden Uong Bi Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024. Grade II (moderate) acute cholecystitis was 57.9%. There were 58 (64.4%) patients operating beyond 72h of symptoms onset. The success rate of the method was 97.8% %. The rate of placing three trocars into abdominal cavity was 71.1%, intraoperative decompression of gall bladder in 70.5% cases the rate of cystic duct closure by hemolock was 95.5%. The mean operating time was 53.8 minutes. The average time of post-operative antibiotic administration was 6.9 days. The average of postoperative hospital stay was 5.8 days. Aforementioned results suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat acute calculous cholecystitis is a safe and effective method.

20. Factors associated with the outcomes of intravenous oxytocin- induced labor in full-term pregnancies

Hoang Thi Ngoc Tram — 2025-07-28

Intravenous Oxytocin-Induced Labor is initiated and controlled by an obstetrician using intravenous oxytocin to control contractions to induce labor. This study investigates several factors related to the outcomes of intravenous oxytocin-induced labor in full-term pregnancies at Hospital A in Thai Nguyen. The study group included 220 women with singleton, cephalic-presenting fetuses, gestational age from 37 weeks or greater at the Obstetrics Department of Hospital A, Thai Nguyen, from August 2023 to March 2024. The average maternal age was 27 ± 5.19 yearsold, and the mean gestational age was 38 weeks 6 days. Among 220 pregnant women, 50.5% had a Bishop index > 6 points, Vaginal delivery occurred in 82.7%, while cesarean section accounted for 17.3%. The mean duration of oxytocin infusion monitoring was 3.3 ± 1.32 hours. The outcomes of intravenous oxytocin-induced labor were found to be statistically significantly associated with the Bishop score, fetal weight, infusion duration, and parity (p < 0.05).

21. Result of reconstruction after resection of basal cell carcinoma in lower eyelid

Duong Manh Chien — 2025-07-28

This study was conducted to evaluate the reconstruction outcomes following the excision of lower eyelid basal cell carcinoma. This descriptive study involved 40 patients who underwent lower eyelid defect reconstruction after basal cell carcinoma excision at K Hospital from March 2018 to June 2024. Outcomes were assessed at discharge and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 40 defects (ranging in size from 0.3 to 20cm², including 18 superficial and 22 full-thickness eyelid defects) underwent superficial laminar reconstruction using the following techniques: 1 direct closure, 22 cheek rotational flaps, 8 cheek transposition flaps, 5 V-Y advancement cheek flaps, and 4 nasolabial rotation flaps. Deep laminar reconstruction involved 16 conjunctival advancement flaps and 6 cases utilizing auricular cartilage and oral mucosa grafts. At discharge, 100% of flaps/grafts demonstrated complete survival, with no reported case of bleeding or infection. At the 6-month follow-up (26 patients), 10 cases of ectropion and 14 cases of epiphora were observed, with no evidence of tumor recurrence. The results indicate that the majority of lower eyelid defects following basal cell carcinoma excision can be safely reconstructed using local flaps. However, functional and aesthetic outcomes of the lower eyelid vary depending on several factors, including the location, size, and depth of the defect, as well as the quality of the reconstructive materials.

22. The effectiveness of intravenous iron surcrose supplementation in patients with severe anemia due to iron deficiency

Ha Van Quang — 2025-07-28

This is an assessment of intravenous iron sucrose supplementation effectiveness in patients with severe anemia resulting from iron deficiency treated at Military Hospital 103. An uncontrolled interventional study was conducted on 103 patients with severe anemia caused by iron deficiency from January 2022 to February 2025. The median age of the patients was 48 years old, and females accounted for 64.1%. The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia was blood loss (65%). The median hemoglobin concentration was 62 g/L and 85.3% of patients had ferritin < 15 ng/mL initially. Post-treatment, hematological indices significantly improved (p < 0.0001), with hemoglobin increasing from 62 g/L to 95 g/L and ferritin increasing from 4.0 to 122.2 ng/mL. The mean hemoglobin level rose by 2.11 g/L per 100 mg of intravenous iron sucrose supplementation . 6.8% of patients experiencing mild reactions or nausea. Pre-treatment, hemoglobin and hematocrit were inversely correlated with hemoglobin increase, with hemoglobin showing the strongest effect (Beta = -0.476, p = 0.002). Intravenous iron sucrose supplementation provides rapid improvement in anemia, and is safe for patients with severe anemia caused by iron deficiency.

23. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of outpatients with chronic myeloid leukemia undergoing imatinib treatment at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood transfusion

Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh — 2025-07-28

Imatinib is regarded as the first-line therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML); however, its clinical efficacy is substantially contingent upon patient adherence. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) have been identified as pivotal determinants of therapeutic outcomes. In a cross-sectional descriptive study from October 2024 to the end of February 2025 at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, direct interviews were conducted to 200 CML patients ((median age, 45 (18 - 97); 52.7% male)) to assess KAP parameters. Although attitudes and adherence behaviors were generally favorable, disease-specific knowledge remained suboptimal (median KAP scores: knowledge 10 (2 - 18); attitude 35 (24 - 45); practice 29 (17 - 35). The demonstrated correlation between knowledge and attitude-practice underscores the imperative to embed comprehensive interventions-encompassing patient education, awareness enhancement, and psychosocial support-into clinical care pathways in order to optimize Imatinib adherence among CML patients.

24. Early enteral nutrition improves nutritional intake and insulin resitance in children after congenital heart surgery

Nguyen Thi Thuy Hong — 2025-07-28

A randomized controlled clinical trial of 39 infants aged 2 - 12 months undergoing ventricular septer defect surgery was conducted to evaluate the effect of early enteral nutrition on nutritional intake, insulin resistance, and treatment duration after ventricular septal defect surgery at the National Children’s Hospital . The intervention group received early enteral nutrition with hydrolyzed formula within 24 hours post surgery; the control group received nutrition according to the routine protocol. Results: the energy intake and the proportion of infants reaching enteral energy requirements in the intervention group were higher than the control group on postoperative days 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). The decline in insulin sensitivity was less pronounced in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.04), and there was a strong correlation between protein supplied on day 1 and duration of mechanical ventilation (r = -0.61, p = 0.000). The results of the study support our hypothesis that early enteral nutrition improves nutritional intake , reduces insulin resistance and treatment duration.

25. Correlation between tongue characteristics and dysmenorrhea in female students at Phenikaa University

Pham Thu Trang — 2025-07-28

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from April 2024 to April 2025 to investigate the association between tongue diagnostic characteristics based on traditional medicine and the severity of dysmenorrhea among female students at Phenikaa University. Tongue features were assessed using the DKF-1 four-diagnosis system (Shanghai Dukang, China), while pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The majority of participants experienced moderate (57.2%) or mild (38.3%) dysmenorrhea; common tongue features included a light red tongue body (41.4%), deep red tongue (34.4%), pale reddish-purple (15.6%), tender tongue texture (66.1%), thin tongue (27.8%), light yellow coating (27.2%), white coating (24.4%) and thin coating (61.1%). No statistically significant association was found between tongue features and the severity of dysmenorrhea. The use of modern tongue diagnostic tools such as the DKF-1 may serve as a supportive method in clinical diagnosis. However, a comprehensive application of the four diagnostic methods of Traditional Medicine remains essential for accurate assessment of dysmenorrhea.

26. Prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of consolidation radiotherapy for stage IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital

Nguyen Van Dang — 2025-07-28

This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the outcomes of consolidation radiotherapy in stage IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed on 60 patients with stage IVB NPC who received consolidation radiotherapy following chemotherapy at Vienam National Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to December 2024. The median follow-up time was 21.9 months. The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 81.7% and 93.3%, respectively. Liver metastasis and metastasis involving two or more organs were associated with poor response to consolidative radiotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified both factors as independent prognostic factors for treatment response (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant association was found between metastatic characteristics and survival outcomes (p > 0.05).

27. Evaluation of flexural strength of digital restorations for primary teeth

Kieu Quoc Thoai — 2025-07-28

Restoration of primary anterior teeth requires materials with high aesthetics, good mechanical properties, and minimally invasive fabrication techniques. Digital technologies such as CAD/CAM and 3D printing have opened up numerous applications in pediatric dental restorations. This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the flexural strength of four types of digitally fabricated primary anterior crowns: 3D-printed resin crowns (RC), CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic crowns (HC), CAD/CAM PMMA crowns (PC), and CAD/CAM zirconia crowns (ZC). A total of 20 crowns (5 crowns/group) were designed and digitally fabricated based on a standardized prepared primary maxillary incisor. The flexural strength of each crown was measured using a flexural force test on a universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that CAD/CAM zirconia crowns had the highest flexural strength (1507 ± 632.9N), which was significantly superior (p < 0.001) to all other crown groups. RC, HC, and PC crowns showed no significant difference in flexural strength. Resin crowns still met the basic flexural strength requirements for restoring primary anterior teeth.

28. Soft tissue coverage of finger defects caused by cobra bite using tissue flaps

Dang Phuong Nam — 2025-07-28

A descriptive study was conducted on 31 patients with soft tissue defects of the fingers following debridement due to cobra bites, managed at Bach Mai Hospital from February 2023 to November 2024. The aim was to evaluate the outcomes of using tissue flaps for finger reconstruction. The average patient age was 52.2 ± 14.1 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.2:1. The median time elapsed between bite to initial surgery was 5 days [IQR, 4 – 6], and five patients underwent immediate reconstruction. Types of flaps used included local (4 flaps), regional (15 flaps), and distant flaps (12 flaps). Postoperative outcomes were classified as good (77.4%), fair (19.4%), and poor (3.2%). The average hospital stay was 21.4 ± 7.0 days. The median time for patients to return to work was 7 weeks [IQR, 5 – 8]. Long-term follow-up in 23 patients showed that most achieved a moderate level of finger mobility function (69.6%). Tissue flaps were demonstrated to be an effective method for soft tissue coverage of finger defects resulting from cobra bites, although the functional recovery of joint mobility remained limited.

29. Preliminary results of pembrolizumab monotherapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong — 2025-07-28

This is a longitudinal and observational follow-up study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in 56 patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at K Hospital and Hanoi Oncology Hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. The results show that complete response rate was 3.6%, partial response was 25.0%, overall response rate was 28.6%, and controlled disease in 51.8%. Patients with PD-L1-positive had higher response rate. Age, gender, smoking, prior treatment, PS, or tumor location were not related to response of pembrolizumab. Side effects related to the immune system occurred in 28.6% of cases, mostly mild; 3.6% had grade III and were manageable.

30. Clinical outcomes of single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction guided by the footprint center from the intact contralateral knee

Vu Tu Nam — 2025-07-28

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) of the healthy knee can assist surgeons in identifying key anatomical parameters of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), supporting precise surgical planning and intraoperative control through imaging guidance. We conducted a longitudinal study on 45 patients with unilateral ACL tears who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction using all-inside technique based on 3D MRI measurements from the contralateral healthy knee. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were compared, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results showed no significant difference between the ACL’s footprint position and length on 3D MRI and ACL graft’ tunnel position and length on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. Clinically, knee stability, functional scores, and activity levels improved significantly postoperatively. This study suggests that single-bundle ACL reconstruction guided by anatomical parameters from 3D MRI of the healthy knee provides favorable imaging and clinical outcomes. We suggest further studies to reinforced the value and efficacy of this novel approach.

31. Three-year efficacy of zoledronic acid therapy for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at Hai Phong International General Hospital

Hoang Van Dung — 2025-07-28

Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a new generation bisphosphonate that is recommended for osteoporosis therapy because it effectively increases bone mineral density (BMD) and mitigates the risk of osteopenic progression. This study sought to quantify BMD gains at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) after 12 and 24 months of ZOL infusion and to evaluate treatment safety. A three year retrospective analysis (2022 - 2024) was conducted on 183 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (T score < -2.5) who received ZOL. At the FN, mean BMD increased by 4.1% after one year (p < 0.05) and by 5.5% after two years relative to baseline (p < 0.05). At the LS, mean BMD rose by 5.3% at one year (p < 0.05) and by 6.2% at two years compared with baseline (p < 0.05). The findings from Hai Phong International General Hospital demonstrate that an annual 5mg intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid produces significant, sustained improvements in BMD and exhibits a favorable safety profile in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

32. Efficacy and safety of renal sympathetic denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Vietnam

Tran Ba Hieu — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension in Vietnam. A total of 70 patients were enrolled. Blood pressure was monitored through office measurements and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at 1, 3, and 6 months post-procedure. Study outcomes included antihypertensive efficacy, medication adjustments, renal function, and procedural complications. Multivariable analysis was used to identify associated factors. After 6 months, the mean reduction in office systolic blood pressure was 11.3 ± 9.3mmHg, while the mean 24-hour systolic BP decreased by 6.0 ± 9.1mmHg. Antihypertensive medication load decreased from 2.40 to 2.05 points (p < 0.001). The response rate to RDN at 6 months was 80%. No major vascular complications were observed; both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and renal artery stenosis remained stable. Predictors of positive BP response included: low ASCVD risk, hypertension duration < 5 years, higher baseline 24-hour systolic BP, greater systolic BP variability, resting heart rate ≥ 75 bpm, and absence of accessory renal arteries. RDN is a safe and feasible technique in clinical practice, offering effective blood pressure reduction and medication burden relief in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension.

33. Outcomes of nasolabial fold augmentation using autologous fat grafting via the coleman technique

Pham Thi Viet Dung — 2025-07-28

This descriptive case series aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nasolabial fold correction using autologous fat grafting via the Coleman technique. Fifty-two patients aged 18 years and older with prominent nasolabial folds underwent the procedure between May 2023 and March 2025. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The mean WSRS score improved from 3.35 preoperatively to 1.64, 1.94, and 2.16 at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The mean GAIS score was 3.5 at 1 month, decreasing to 3.06 at 3 months and 2.84 at 6 months. Long-term results showed significant differences among etiological groups contributing to nasolabial fold formation (p = 0.00001). Minor complications were observed, including edema in 22 cases and bruising in 3 cases. These findings support autologous fat grafting using the Coleman technique as a safe, effective, and well-tolerated option for nasolabial fold rejuvenation, demonstrating sustained improvements and high patient satisfaction.

34. Assessment of fear of falling and fall risk among elderly inpatients at the department of musculoskeletal - endocrinology, Thanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital

Nguyen Thi Hoai My — 2025-07-28

Fear of falling (FOF) and fall risk are prominent clinical challenges among the elderly, particularly among inpatients with chronic diseases. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and association between fear of falling and fall risk in 362 elderly inpatients (mean age 71.37 years old; 53.9% female) at the Department of Musculoskeletal-Endocrinology, Thanh Hoa Provincial General Hospital, using the FES-I scale and JHFRAT tool. Results showed that FOF was highly prevalent (65.5% had FOF; mean FES-I 31.57 ± 13.87), alongside a high rate of fall risk (64.4% with moderate/high risk; mean JHFRAT 7.82 ± 4.23). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified older age (especially ≥ 70 years old, OR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.27 - 6.48), polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs, OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.33 - 6.94), and the presence of FOF (assessed by FES-I, OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.91 - 6.33) as independent factors significantly associated with moderate/high fall risk (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, FOF is not only common but also a significant criteria independent of fall risk in this inpatient population, alongside with advanced age and polypharmacy. The study underscores the necessity of integrating FOF assessment into routine fall risk screening protocols to guide more comprehensive and effective prevention strategies.

35. Upper airway characteristics in patients with class II skeletal malocclusion using cone beam computed tomography and computational fluid dynamic

Vu Thi Thu Trang — 2025-07-28

This study investigated the upper airway characteristics in patient with class II skeletal using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We used a cross-sectional descriptive study on CBCT scans of 124 participants by using STL file; dimensions, CMA, total volume, velocity and max pressure were calculated by CBCT and CFD softwares. The average value of the deviation between two jaws in this study group was 5.840. The overall upper airway volume in this group had an average of 21.05mm³, while the average smallest cross-sectional area (CMA) in this group was 180.07mm².

36. Characteristics of nail lesions in psoriasic arthritis patients

Nguyen Thi Le Thuy — 2025-07-28

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 63 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris (PS) and 61 patients diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Vereneology from November 2023 to August 2024 to describe the characteristics of nail lesions and examine the relationship between nail lesions and disease activity. The results showed that nail lesions appeared in 72.6% of PS patients and 86.9% of PsA patients (p < 0.05). The rates of white spot and hemorrhagic lesions in PsA patients (77% and 55.7%, respectively) were higher than the PS group (57.1% and 38.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). The degree of nail damage was associated with the severity of PsA (r = 0.425, p < 0.05). The above results showed that nail damage tended to be more common in the PsA group and was also associated with the level of disease activity.

37. Study of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and shoulder ultrasonographic findings in patients with adhesive capsulitis at Hai Phong International General Hospital

Hoang Van Dung — 2025-07-28

This cross sectional descriptive design study encompassed 118 patients diagnosed for adhesive capsulitis according to the integrated clinical and paraclinical criteria. Each participant underwent assessment of demographic variables, pain intensity on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), prevalent risk factors, and shoulder ultrasonography. The mean age was 59.5 ± 8.5 years old, with a female predominance (male to female ratio = 1 : 1.4). The interval from symptom onset to hospital admission averaged 5.4 ± 1.7 months. The mean VAS score was 6.8 ± 2.1, and all patients exhibited severe ROM limitation: flexion 72.6 ± 15.3°, abduction 65.7 ± 11.6°, and external rotation 20.5 ± 8.9°. SPADI scores were largely in the moderate to severe range. Risk factors included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and shoulder immobilization exceeding one month. Ultrasonography demonstrated a coracohumeral ligament thickness > 3mm in approximately 80 % of patients, anterior capsule thickness > 2.5mm in 70%, and posterior capsule thickness > 2.5mm in 45%. Biceps tendon sheath synovitis was present in 35%, subacromial-subdeltoid effusion in 40%, and mild rotator cuff lesions in 25%. Thickness of the coracohumeral ligament and joint capsule correlated inversely with shoulder motion arc (p < 0.05). Integrating clinical examination with ultrasonography enables early diagnosis and quantification of shoulder stiffness severity.

38. Comparison of the effect of extended depth-of-focus and monofocal intraocular lens

Le Viet Cuong — 2025-07-28

This study compared the efficacy of the extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens, Vivity, with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). A prospective clinical intervention study with a control group was conducted on 92 eyes diagnosed with cataract and divided into two groups with Vivity and Lucia at the Department of Ophthalmology, Friendship Hospital, from March 2024 to December 2024. At the 3-month examination, the visual acuity of the Vivity group was LogMAR 0.06 ± 0.15, equivalent to the Lucia group (p = 0.35); the near and intermediate vision of the Vivity group was better than the Lucia group (p = 0.03; p < 0.01). Visual disturbance of the two groups was similar (p = 0.42); satisfaction and the spectacle independence of the Vivity group were better than the Lucia group (p < 0.01). According to ANSI standards, the Vivity IOL met ¾ of the criteria of a 1 EDOF IOL. The Vivity IOL provides distance vision and visual disturbances comparable to those of a monofocal IOL, while offering better intermediate and near vision. Patients with Vivity IOL insertion report high satisfaction reflected by high VF14 score and a high rate of spectacle independence. According to ANSI standards, the Vivity IOL meets ¾ of the criteria for an EDOF IOL.

39. Magnetic resonance imaging features and prognostic factors in retinoblastoma treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy: A cohort study

Tran Cuong — 2025-07-28

This study describes the imaging characteristics of retinoblastoma (RB) primarily on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison with fundus examination, and identifies prognostic factors for ocular salvage in patients treated with multimodal conservative therapy including intra-arterial chemotherapy. A combined retrospective-prospective cohort study was conducted on 25 eyes from 19 patients (35 tumors) at Bach Mai Hospital and the Vietnam National Institue of Ophthalmology from January 2023 to December 2024. On MRI, RB typically shows high signal intensity on T1-weighted images, low signal on T2-weighted images, high signal on FLAIR, diffusion restriction on DWI/ADC, and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. No case of optic nerve, scleral, or intracranial invasion was observed. The estimated mean ocular salvage time using the Kaplan-Meier method was 64 months, with a 5-years eye preservation rate exceeding 70%. Poor prognosis was associated with advanced IIRC groups (D, E) and the presence of intraocular hemorrhage. MRI is valuable in the diagnosis and staging of RB and complements fundoscopic examination effectively. Larger studies are needed to further validate prognostic factors.

40. Optimizing motor recovery in patients with severe traumatic brain injury following decompressive craniectomy

Le Thi My Tien — 2025-07-28

The study described motor function in patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompressive craniectomy, assessing outcomes at 1 month and 3 months after a neuroplasticity-based intervention program. Among 93 participants, 57 % achieved good motor recovery (ERBI > 30) by month 3. Patients with poor recovery (ERBI ≤ 30) experienced higher complication rates-such as pneumonia, autonomic dysfunction, and secondary brain injury-and had a longer average hospital stay (55 days versus 35 days in the ERBI > 30 group). Independent sitting increased only modestly, from 0% to 12%, while standing and higher-level skills (walking, stair climbing) remained below 1%. These findings provide preliminary evidence that an early, high-intensity, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program can effectively improve motor function in severe TBI patients following decompressive craniectomy.

41. Preliminary outcomes of rehabilitation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using the Schroth method combined with monitoring with the Dr. Home application

Hong Khanh Son — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Schroth method in combination with monitoring with the Dr. Home application for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. An intervention study with a control group was performed at the Ho Chi Minh Hospital for Rehabilitation and Professional Diseases from August 2023 to June 2024 involving 54 adolescents (ages 10 - 17) diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Following 24 weeks of intervention, the Schroth group (27 adolescents) exhibited a reduction in scoliosis (Cobb angle) of 7.4° ± 3.3°, in comparison with 3.5° ± 2.5° in the control group (p < 0.001). Successful scoliosis reduction was 4.16 times greater, and successful reduction in vertebral rotation was 3.29 times greater in the Schroth group than the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the decrease in spinal axis deviation to C7 between the two groups (p > 0.05). When combined with monitoring with the Dr. Home application, the Schroth method produces better results in decreasing scoliosis curve and vertebral rotation in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to traditional exercise methods that are similarly monitored.

42. Efficacy of midazolam for dental procedures in children aged 3-6 years

Pham Quoc Khanh — 2025-07-28

This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and amnestic effects of oral midazolam for dental sedation at a dose of 0.3 - 0.6 mg/kg in children aged 3 - 6 years, while also analyzing the influence of age, gender, and initial cooperation level. A clinical trial study was conducted on 60 children at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology Hanoi in 2024. The results demonstrated high efficacy (86.7% success rate), particularly in the 5 - 6 years old age group (88.2%). Complete amnesia was achieved after one week (100%), with a good safety profile: low adverse effects (6.67%) and stable vital signs. There was a trend toward better response in younger children, males, and those with good initial cooperation, though the differences were not statistically significant. Oral midazolam is an effective, safe, and reliable amnestic sedation method for children aged 3 - 6 years old undergoing dental procedures. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm influencing factors.

43. Evaluation of conjunctival autograft fixation using autologous blood combined with early suture removal after 24 hours in primary pterygium surgery

Le Phi Hoang — 2025-07-28

Conjunctival autograft fixation using autologous blood in pterygium surgery has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and ocular irritation. However, the incidence of graft-related complications remains relatively high. Early suture removal following pterygium surgery has also been reported to reduce pain and inflammatory response. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of conjunctival autograft fixation using autologous blood in combination with early suture removal after 24 hours in primary pterygium surgery. The study included 27 patients (30 eyes) who underwent pterygium surgery. The rates of well-fixed grafts before suture removal, one day after removal, and one week after removal were 93.3%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Graft displacement was observed in 3.3% of cases, partial graft dehiscence in 6.7%, and no case of graft loss was reported. Postoperative pain was mild in 66.7% of patients, moderate in 26.7%, and severe in 6.7%. The technique of conjunctival autograft fixation using autologous blood combined with early suture removal after 24 hours is effective and safe that can significantly improve postoperative pain for patients.

44. Occurrence and risk factors of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at Hanoi Oncology Hospital

Tran Thi Thu Trang — 2025-07-28

This study described the characteristics and investigated several factors related to neutropenia in 118 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at Hanoi Oncology Hospital (437 chemotherapy cycles). Thirty-four patients (28.8%) experienced at least one episode of neutropenia, 15 patients had severe neutropenia (12.7%), and 5 patients had complications related to neutropenia (6.0%). Univariate analysis showed that high-risk regimens significantly increased the risk of any degree of neutropenia; treatment during cycle 1 increased the rate of severe neutropenia, and renal dysfunction along with previous complications of neutropenia increased the rate of neutropenia-related complications. Patients with a history of neutropenia at any level or severe neutropenia had an increased likelihood of developing recurrent neutropenia (both any-level and severe) (p < 0,05). Multivariate analysis identified several factors that significantly increased the risk of neutropenia of any grade and severe neutropenia, including high-risk regimens, treatment in cycle 1, and a history of neutropenia in previous cycles. It is necessary to further develop a predictive model for factors increasing the risk of neutropenia to optimize prophylactic strategies for each patient based on real-world data.

45. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of PVL-producing Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in children

Ta Anh Tuan — 2025-07-28

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a major virulence factor secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, is associated with severe clinical manifestations, underscoring the gravity of the situation. However, the role of PVL in Staphylococcus aureus sepsis remains unclear. We conducted a descriptive case series study on 187 children with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from 2022 to 2025, aiming to evaluate the association between PVL presence and clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes. Of 187 cases, 87% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 36.4 % were multidrug-resistant S. aureus strain All isolates were fully susceptible to vancomycin. PVL gene-carrying strains accounted for 71.1%. PVL-positive S. aureus strains were associated with osteoarticular infections (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis). Notably, there was no significant difference in treatment outcomes between PVL-positive and PVL-negative S. aureus bloodstream infections in children, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

46. Protective effect of Lao nha que Coconut oil on an experimental model of gastric ulcer

Pham Thuy Nga — 2025-07-28

Lao Nha Que coconut oil is a natural product with the intended use of treating gastric ulcers. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effect on an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into five groups: group 1 (normal control), group 2 (model), group 3 received misoprostol at 50 μg/kg/day, group 4 and 5 received Lao Nha Que coconut oil at 5mL/kg/day and 10mL/kg/day, respectively, for 7 days. Gastric ulcers were induced in groups 2 to 5 by oral administration of indomethacin at a single dose of 40 mg/kg b.w/day. After 6 hours, rats were anesthetized and the gastric tissues were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Our results showed that Lao Nha Que coconut oil reduced the ulcer index, number of lesions, and microscopic ulcer score, while also improving the histological lesions. In conclusion, Lao Nha Que coconut oil exhibited protective effects against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in this experimental model.

47. Extraction and preliminary purification of lovastatin from the fermentation broth of monascus purpureus strain

Trinh Minh Viet — 2025-07-28

As a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, lovastation has an important role in lowering blood cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to optimize the cultivation and extraction conditions for lovastatin production from Monascus purpureus to improve the yield through a biological approach, as an alternative to a less environmentally friendly chemical synthesis. The results showed that malt extract broth (MEB) was the most effective medium, yielding the highest lovastatin production (82.9 µg/mL), which is 7.8 times higher than the potato dextrose broth (PDB). Lovastatin was extracted using ethyl acetate at pH 3, identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and partially purified using silica gel column chromatography with a dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (7/3, v/v) solvent system. The resulting fractions contained 42.08 - 64.16% lovastatin. These findings provide a foundation for further studies on the purification and medical application of lovastatin.

48. Nephroprotective effects of triterpenoid extracted from persimmon leaves (diospyros kaki l.F.) against Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice

Nguyen Van Hung — 2025-07-28

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication in diabetic patients, characterized by a decline in kidney function. This study evaluated the nephroprotective effects of triterpenoid extract from persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki L.f.) (Tri DKL) in type 2 diabetic mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN. Diabetic nephrotoxicity was induced in healthy Swiss mice through STZ injections (50 mg/kg). Mice were treated with Tri DKL at 250 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day or 750 mg/kg BW/day or dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg BW/day) for 28 days. Blood, urine, pancreas, and kidney samples were analyzed at the end of the study. The results showed that Tri DKL at 250 mg/kg BW/day and 750 mg/kg BW/day significantly increased urine output, glucose excretion, and creatinine clearance while slightly reducing urine protein and urine albumin and improving kidney histopathology. These findings suggest that Tri DKL exerts nephroprotective effects against STZ-induced DN.

49. Effect of “Khoi tim Bavieco” capsules on experimental gastroesophageal reflux model

Hoang Anh Tung — 2025-07-28

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Khoi tim Bavieco capsules on the model of GERD-induced esophageal damage in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five groups: the control group and model group were given orally distilled water, the treated groups were given orally esomeprazole 10 mg/kg b.w/day, Khoi tim Bavieco capsules at 0.48 tablets/kg b.w/day and 1.44 tablets/kg b.w/dayfor seven consecutive days. GERD was induced in rats of groups 2 - 5 by surgery combined with an oral administration of indomethacin. The indices of gastric juice, esophagus, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Research results showed that Khoi tim Bavieco capsules reduced the gastric juice’s free acidity, reduced the area and extent of esophageal damage; improved microscopic esophageal damage and epithelial thickness, and improved the antioxidant index. In conclusion, Khoi tim Bavieco capsules have the effect of ameliorating GERD-induced esophageal damage in rats.

50. Study on acute and sub-chronic toxicity of TD.HLM01 hard capsule in experimental animals

Nguyen Thanh Thuy — 2025-07-28

The study aimed to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of TD.HLM01 hard capsule in experimental animals according to the WHO guidelines and LD50 calculated according to the Litchfield-Wilcoxon method. The result showed that TD.HLM01 hard capsules at the highest dose of 37.5 g/kg b.w./day - 104 times higher than the expected clinical dose - did not cause acute toxicity and the LD50 of TD.HLM01 capsule could not be determined. TD.HLM01 hard capsule at 0.18 g/kg b.w./day and 0.54 g/kg b.w./day did not cause subchronic toxicity in white rats over 12 consecutive weeks of oral administration. The drug had no effecton the general condition, body weight, hematopoietic function, liver cell damage, liver and kidney functions, as well as the macroscopic morphology and microscopic structure of the liver and kidneys in rats. Current findings show TD.HML01 hard capsule had no acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity in experimental animals.

51. Evaluation of the acute and subchronic toxicity of Da Day hoan Ba Giang in experimental animals

Pham Thi Van Anh — 2025-07-28

Da Day hoan Ba Giang is formulated as a combination of medicinal herbs, intended to support the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of the product in experimental animals. Acute toxicity was assessed in Swiss mice by administering increasing oral doses to determine the lowest dose that caused 100% mortality and the highest dose that caused no mortality. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats at two dosage levels: 4.32 and 12.96 tablets/kg b.w/day over a 60-day period. The results showed that at the highest dose of 187.5 tablets/kg, Da Day hoan Ba Giang did not cause death or any abnormal signs in mice. Furthermore, both tested doses (4.32 and 12.96 tablets/kg b.w/day) had no adverse effect on general conditions, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, or microscopic morphology of the liver and kidneys in the rats. In conclusion, Da Day hoan Ba Giang did not cause acute or subchronic toxicity when administered orally at the tested doses in experimental animals.

52. Evidence - based practice beliefs among midwifery and related factors

Mai Nguyen Thanh Truc — 2025-07-28

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is defined as a gold standard in patient care and professional development. To meet the demands of quality care and advanced training programs, assessing midwives' beliefs about EBP plays an essential role before its clinical application. Objectives: to describe midwives' beliefs about EBP and identify related factors. Materials and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 midwives employed at Can Tho Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Results: Midwives had a moderate level of belief in EBP, with the median and mean of 66.0 (48.0 – 75.0) and 64.02 ± 8.56, respectively. Factors associated with EBP Beliefs among midiwfery included participation in EBP training courses or workshops and involvement in scientific research projects or innovation initiatives (p < 0.05).

53. Results of the hematology external quality assessment program in 31 provinces of vietnam during 2022 - 2024

Nguyen Thi Hao — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to assess the participation and performance of the hematology External Quality Assessment (EQA) program conducted in 31 provinces from Hue northward during 2022–2024. A retrospective descriptive design was used, based on data from the hematology EQA program organized by the Center for External Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratory – Hanoi Medical University. Participating analyzers were evaluated by test parameters including RBC, WBC, PLT, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC using SDI (Standard Deviation Index) and Target Score (TS). The number of analyzers increased from 832 in 2022 to 987 in 2024, though the regional average percentage of acceptable results showed a slight decrease over time. Provinces such as Hanoi, Thai Binh, and Quang Ninh maintained consistently high performance, while several mountainous areas reported unstable or declining results. MCV was the most stable parameter with an average pass rate of 95.45%, whereas PLT and RBC showed lower performance (85.0% and 88.5%). Over 199 analyzer models were used, with the 25 most common models accounting for about 80% of the total participation. The research findings provide practical evidence to support the development of improvement plans, training, and technical supervision tailored to local conditions, thereby contributing to the sustainable enhancement of laboratory testing quality.

54. Oral hygiene status and clinical pẻriodontal indices among 12th grade students at Hermann Gmeiner inter-level school, Hanoi in 2025

Luu Van Tuong — 2025-07-28

This study was conducted to describe the clinical periodontal indices and to evaluate the relationship between these indices and oral hygiene status among 12th-grade students at Hermann Gmeiner Inter-level school in Hanoi in 2025. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 139 18-years old students at Hermann Gmeiner Inter-level school, Hanoi in February 2025. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and conclusion: The study showed 38.1 % students had periodontal hemorrhage, and 13.7% had gingival pockets. However, the percentage of periodontal bleeding differed between the two genders. The majority of students brushed their teeth twice or more a day (91.4%). The percentages of students using mouthwash daily was 23.7%. The amount of periodontal bleeding in students using oral hygiene aids was 32.1%, lower than those without (46.6%). Brushing for 3 - 5 minutes had a lower chance of periodontal hemorrhage and gingival pockets than brushing for 1 - 2 minutes. The rate of periodontal bleeding in students who brushed their teeth up and down and in a circular motion was significantly lower than students who brushed their teeth horizontally

55. Factors which increase the risk of mortality in COVID-19

Do Van Thanh — 2025-07-28

Since the first COVID-19 case was recorded in January 2020, Vietnam was one of the nations enduring the most severe impact of the fourth wave caused by the Delta variant, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes would identify vulnerable populations and facilitate medical decision-making. Our retrospective study observed 504 eligible COVID-19 patients admitted to an Intensive Care Center (ICU) in Ho Chi Minh City, urgently built by Bach Mai Hospital in August 2021. The study results showed that patients over 60 years old had a 3.1-fold higher risk of death than those under 60 years old. A history of diabetes was identified as a significant contributor to increased risk of death (OR = 1.646, 95% CI: 1.036 - 2.617, p = 0.035) as well as each unit increase in BMI increased the risk of death by 6.7% in patients with COVID-19.

56. Nutritional status and eating behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder in Nghe An province in 2024

Phan Thi Dieu Ngoc — 2025-07-28

Selective eating, eating disorders, anorexia, restrictive eating, and chewing/swallowing difficulties are common feeding-related issues observed in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), also referred to as autism. Scientific evidence has also indicated that children with ASD exhibit a higher prevalence of eating disorders compared to neurotypical children. Preliminary findings from the initial phase of a study conducted on 56 children diagnosed with ASD revealed several prevalent feeding issues, including: reluctance to accept new foods (80.4%), chewing/swallowing difficulties (41.1%), anorexia (observed in 40.0% of children under 5 years old and 26.9% of those over 5), and taste selectivity (most children were unable to accept sour or spicy flavors). Additionally, 14.3% of the children failed to consume all four essential food groups. Nutritional deficiencies were also commonly found in this group, with zinc deficiency present in 37.5% of cases, hemoglobin deficiency in 12.5%, and ferritin deficiency in 19.6%. Furthermore, a proportion of children experienced malnutrition in various forms: stunting (17.9%), underweight (12.5%), and wasting (7.2%). In contrast, overweight and obesity were also observed, with 7.1% being overweight by weight-for-age, 5.4% by BMI-for-age, and 3.6% classified as obese by BMI-for-age. These findings highlight the urgent need for the development and implementation of targeted intervention programs to support children with ASD in addressing feeding challenges and micronutrient supplementation, aiming to improve both their eating behaviors and overall nutritional status.

57. Epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne pathogens in Northern Vietnam, 2022 - 2024

Pham Ngoc Duan — 2025-07-28

Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. in ticks collected from northern Vietnam. A total of 2,457 ticks were analyzed and identified using Nested PCR. The results indicated significant variations in prevalence across provinces and seasons. The overall infection rates were 7.77% for Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. (3.58%) and Theileria spp. (5.13%). The highest prevalence of Anaplasma (10.4%) and Babesia (4.73%) was recorded in Ha Noi, whereas Theileria exhibited the highest prevalence in Thai Nguyen (6.46%). Summer showed the highest infection rates for all three pathogens, with Anaplasma, Babesia, and Theileria reaching 14.67%, 5.79%, and 8.3%, respectively, while winter recorded the lowest prevalence. These seasonal differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). R. microplus and R. sanguineus were identified as the major vector species in the northern Vietnam.

58. Direct medical costs of treatment regimens for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer in Vietnam

Nguyen Van Chinh — 2025-07-28

A retrospective study was conducted using the Vietnam Social Security database to estimate the direct medical costs (DMC) of treatment regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations in 2020. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with the total DMC of NSCLC patients. The average total DMC per year for NSCLC patients was 113.9 million VND per person; 84.30% of the total cost went towards chemotherapy. The TKI treatment regimen had a lower average DMC per year compared to pre-TKI chemotherapy and post-TKI chemotherapy (110.9 million VND vs. 113.8 million VND and 128.1 million VND per person, p < 0.001). Factors such as the number of inpatient days, treatment regimen, health insurance coverage rate, and economic status were found to be associated with the total DMC (p < 0.05). Therefore, selecting cost-effective TKI drugs to reduce the economic burden on patients with NSCLC is crucial.

59. A survey on depression, anxiety, and stress among parents of children with transfusion-dependent Thalassemia

Vu Xuan Son — 2025-07-28

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among parents of children with transfusion-dependent Thalassemia at Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital during the period of 2024 - 2025. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 84 parents, using the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) to assess psychological disorders. The findings showed that 45.2% of parents were at risk of having at least one of the three psychological disorders. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 27.4%, 28.6%, and 21.4%, respectively. Common symptoms included feelings of hopelessness, lack of interest, hand tremors, and difficulty relaxing. A strong linear correlation was found between depression, anxiety, and stress, with stress symptoms being a strong predictor of both depression and anxiety. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive and timely mental health education and psychological support programs for parents of children with Thalassemia. Further in-depth studies are also needed to identify associated factors contributing to the psychological disorders among caregivers.

60. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephectomy for a patient with bilateral renal tumor, a rare case report

Nguyen Huy Hoang — 2025-07-28

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma is a rare disease that requires a treatment method that ensures complete tumor resection and preserves renal function. We report a case of a 67-year-old female patient with an incidental tumor discovery in both kidneys through imaging. The patient was indicated for bilateral laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy, one after the other, 3 weeks apart. Results after two surgeries were favorable, with no complication. Pathology showed oncocytic variant papillary renal cell carcinoma, grade I, negative margins. Renal function was well preserved. The results of surgery showed that laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy is a feasible and safe method for patients with bilateral renal tumors, however, the surgery should be performed in large centers with experienced surgeons.

61. Retroperitoneal pregnancy: A case report

Nguyen Phuong Nam — 2025-07-28

Retroperitoneal pregnancy is an extremely rare type of ectopic pregnancy, accounting for less than 1% of all ectopic cases, and poses significant challenges in both diagnosis and management. We present the case of a 34-years - old female patient with history of bilateral salpingectomy admitted to our hospital 40 days after embryo transfer. At the time of admission, β-hCG level was 11,664 IU/L; however, no gestational sac was identified on transvaginal sonography. A computed tomography scan suggested an abnormal mass lying between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava, raising suspicion of a retroperitoneal pregnancy. The patient initially underwent multi-dose methotrexate treatment and laparoscopic surgery was performed to excise the ectopic mass. The postoperative course was uneventful, and her β-hCG level returned to negative after four weeks. A review of literature indicates the rarity of retroperitoneal pregnancy, which often presents without specific symptoms, complicating early diagnosis. The location of the ectopic mass further complicates therapeutic approaches. Surgical intervention remains the mainstay of treatment, offering definitive management and favorable clinical outcomes.

62. Ring chromosome 4: A case report and literature review

An Thuy Lan — 2025-07-28

Ring chromosome 4 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder typically characterized by the loss of genetic material from both terminal ends of the chromosome, followed by the fusion of these ends to form a ring chromosome. The clinical manifestations of individuals with ring chromosome 4 abnormalities vary depending on the extent of genetic material loss, the proportion of cells carrying the abnormal chromosome, the stability of the ring chromosome, cell division during mitosis, or other associated chromosomal abnormalities. Common clinical features include facial dysmorphism, psychomotor developmental delay, cranial malformations, and congenital heart defects. This study reports a case of a 19 month old boy who presented with poor weight gain, facial dysmorphism, and psychomotor developmental delay. Chromosomal analysis of the patient revealed mosaicism with four abnormal cell lines, including a structural abnormality of ring chromosome 4: 46,XY,r(4)(p16q35)[40]/46,XY,dic r(4)(p16q35)[5]/91,XXYY,dic r(4)(p16q35)[4]/45,XY,-4[3]. Loss of 4pterminal and 4q terminal were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

63. Genotype-phenotype correlation in Phenylketonuria of a common gene variant PAH:c.516G>T in Vietnam: Report of four cases

Vu Thi Huyen — 2025-07-28

The c.516G>T (p.Gln172His) variant in the PAH gene is the most prevalent variant in the Vietnamese population, yet clinical data on its phenotypic impact remain extremely limited. We report four cases carrying this variant in either compound heterozygous or homozygous states, identified through a prenatal carrier screening program. Two cases were compound heterozygotes with c.516G>T in trans with previously classified pathogenic variants, while the remaining two were homozygous for c.516G>T. All individuals were asymptomatic with no clinical abnormality and had mildly elevated or normal phenylalaninemia levels, consistent with mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHPA) or a clinically normal state; none required dietary restriction or medical intervention. These findings suggest that the PAH:c.516G>T variant may be associated with a mild phenotype or limited functional impact, even in homozygosity. This has important implications for clinical genetics practice in Vietnam, particularly in prenatal counseling, as it may help prevent unnecessary interventions or overestimated prenatal diagnosis, and ensure proper postnatal follow-up.

64. Systematic review on the burden of postoperative symptoms in Vietnam

Nguyen Dinh Ky — 2025-07-28

Postoperative functional symptoms such as pain, sleep disturbances, and anxiety are common yet often overlooked, despite their significant impact on recovery and quality of life. Currently, no systematic review has comprehensively assessed the burden of these symptoms in Vietnam. This study aimed to combine available evidence on postoperative symptoms among adults in Vietnam, analyze associated factors, and preliminarily evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with literature searches performed across PubMed, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources from 2000 to April 2025. Thirteen studies involving 2,123 patients were included. The reported prevalence of postoperative pain ranged from 80.2% to 100%, sleep disturbances from 58.1% to 100%, and anxiety from 4% to 89.9%. Most studies used non-standardized assessment tools and did not stratify symptom severity. The variation in prevalence may reflect differences in surgical types, levels of care, and hospital settings. Findings indicate a high but insufficiently addressed burden of postoperative symptoms in Vietnam, highlighting the need for standardized assessment instruments and the development of tailored postoperative care protocols for specific patient groups.