31. Rickettsial encephalitis: A case report
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rickettsial encephalitis is a rare disease in children. The disease has non-specific clinical and subclinical symptoms, and lesions in many different organs. Case diagnosis is mainly based on epidemiology, eschar ulcers and laboratory tests. Treatment with antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Chloramfenicol, and Doxycycline is still effective. We report a 7-month-old male child diagnosed with Rickettsial encephalitis. He met the diagnostic criteria for encephalitis with specific ulcers (eschar). Treatment with Chloramphenicol had a good effect and patient recovered fully
Article Details
Keywords
Encephalitis, Scrub typhus, Rickettsial
References
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23. Sharabi S, Sagi O, Ben-Shimol S. Serologic Diagnosis of Acute Rickettsiosis in Children in Southern Israel. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. Dec 1 2021;40(12):e521-e523. doi: 10.1097/inf.00 00000000003303.
2. Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, et al. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: A geographic approach. Clinical microbiology reviews. Oct 2013;26(4):657-702. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00032-13.
3. Walker DH, Fishbein DB. Epidemiology of rickettsial diseases. European journal of epidemiology. May 1991;7(3):237-45. doi: 10.1007/bf00145672.
4. Kularatne SA, Rajapakse RP, Wickramasinghe WM, et al. Rickettsioses in the central hills of Sri Lanka: Serological evidence of increasing burden of spotted fever group. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. Nov 2013;17(11):e988-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.014.
5. Portillo A, Santibáñez S, García-Álvarez L, et al. Rickettsioses in Europe. Microbes and infection. Nov-Dec 2015;17(11-12):834-8. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.09.009.
6. Trung NV, Hoi LT, Dien VM, et al. Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus and Murine Typhus, Vietnam, 2015-2017. Emerging infectious diseases. Apr 2019;25(4):633-41. doi: 10.3201/eid2504.180691.
7. Sekeyová Z, Danchenko M, Filipčík P, et al. Rickettsial infections of the central nervous system. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. Aug 2019;13(8):e0007469. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007469.
8. Bernabeu-Wittel M, Segura-Porta F. Rickettsioses. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica. Mar 2005;23(3):163-72. Enfermedades producidas por Rickettsia. doi: 10.1157/13072167.
9. Premaratna R, Loftis AD, Chandrasena TG, et al. Rickettsial infections and their clinical presentations in the Western Province of Sri Lanka: A hospital-based study. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. Mar 2008;12(2):198-202. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.06.009.
10. Trung NV, Hoi LT, Hoa TM, et al. Systematic Surveillance of Rickettsial Diseases in 27 Hospitals from 26 Provinces throughout Vietnam. Tropical medicine and infectious disease. May 31 2022;7(6). doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060088.
11. Rajapakse S, Weeratunga P, Sivayoganathan S, et al. Clinical manifestations of scrub typhus. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2017;111(2):43-54. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trx017.
12. Thijssen HS LP, van’t Hek LG, Hurkx GA. An unsuspected imported disease: meningo-encephalitis contracted in Spain. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004;148:113-117.
13. Narendra Rathi Akavy. IAP Guidelines on Rickettsial Diseases in Children. INDIAN PEDIATRICS. MARCH 15, 2017;2019:54 .
14. Prakash V K, MM Patil, Patil SV. Rickettsial meningoencephalitis - rising concern in children. Current Pediatric Research; International Journal of Pediatrics. 02 May, 2022, 2020;4(1):23-25. doi: 10.35841/0971-9032.26.5.1386-1391.
15. Bộ Y tế. Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và xử trí viêm não cấp ở trẻ em. Quyết định Số: 2322/QĐ-BYT. 2006.
16. Sood AK, Sachdeva A. Rickettsioses in Children - A Review. Indian journal of pediatrics. Nov 2020;87(11):930-936. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03216-z.
17. Tikare NV, Shahapur PR, Bidari LH, et al. Rickettsial meningoencephalitis in a child - A case report. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2009;56(3):198-200. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmp065.
18. Kumar M, Krishnamurthy S, Delhikumar CG, et al. Scrub typhus in children at a tertiary hospital in southern India: Clinical profile and complications. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2012;5(1):82-88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2011.11.001.
19. Krishnan R, Pillai RK, KE E, et al. Pediatric scrub typhus in Southern Kerala: An emerging public health problem. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2016;4(2):89-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2016.03.003.
20. SB Chiranth Ka, Vykuntraju K Gowda, et al. Profile of Neurological Manifestations in Children Presenting With Rickettsial Disease. Indian Pediatrics. 2022;59.
21. Kularatne SA, Edirisingha JS, Gawarammana IB, et al. Emerging rickettsial infections in Sri Lanka: the pattern in the hilly Central Province. Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH. Sep 2003;8(9):803-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01108.x.
22. Pérez JE, Estrada GI, Zapata Y, et al. Frequency of antibodies and seroconversion against Rickettsia spp in patients consulting health institutions in the department of Caldas, Colombia, 2016 - 2019. Biomedica: revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Oct 15 2021;41(2):103-117.
23. Sharabi S, Sagi O, Ben-Shimol S. Serologic Diagnosis of Acute Rickettsiosis in Children in Southern Israel. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. Dec 1 2021;40(12):e521-e523. doi: 10.1097/inf.00 00000000003303.