6. Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của trẻ bị dị tật giãn đài bể thận tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương

Abstract

Renal calyx malformation arises as a consequence of urinary tract obstruction, leading to the gradu-al dilation of the calyces, renal pelvis and ureters. This changes kidney size and reduces kidney function. This study aims to describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of renal calyx dilata-tion in children at the National Children's Hospital. From June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023, 110 chil-dren were diagnosed with renal calyx dilatation with according to the Fetal Ultrasound Associa-tion's criteria and were monitored and treated at the National Children's Hopital. The mean age was 4.2 years, with the youngest being 1 month and the oldest 12.6 years old; 39.1% were over 5 years old. Renal calyx malformation was more prevalent in boys than girls. Diagnosis during the post-partum period accounted for50.9% of the cases, higher than than those made before childbirth at 49.1%. About 85.6% had follow-up examinations. For those diagnosed for the first time,  dysuria (25%) and pollakiuria (6.4%) were the most common symptoms, and the rate of gastrointestinal lesions was also high with 50% compared with 5.3% in the latter. Congenital urogenital abnormali-ties was present in 16.4% of cases, and one case exhibited decreased glomerular filtration rate and chronic renal failure. Children with grades III to IV pyelonephritis need to be closely monitored for periodic changes in the size of the renal dilation. For neonatal cases diagnosed with grade 3 and 4 pyelonephritis, periodic postnatal follow-ups and early intervention in the event of renal damage were recommended.