Truyền máu trong điều trị thiếu máu ở trẻ đẻ non: Tỷ lệ và yếu tố liên quan

Abstract

Neonatal anemia is defined as a hemoglobin or hematocrit level below 2 standard deviations from the mean for gestational age. Anemia in preterm infants is a form of pathological anemia. Blood transfusion is one of the treatment methods for anemia in preterm infants. Various factors influence the indications for blood transfusion in the management of anemia in preterm infants. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 62 preterm neonates with a gestational age under 32 weeks at the Neonatal Center, National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, from September 2023 to March 2024 to determine the prevalence and factors related to blood transfusion indications in the management of anemia in preterm infants. The mean gestational age and birth weight of the study population were 29.34 ± 1.75 weeks old and 1166.94 ± 302.04 grams, respectively. The proportion of preterm infants under 32 weeks with anemia requiring transfusion was 72.6%. The proportion of infants requiring blood transfusion during the first week after birth was the highest, at 25.8%. Factors such as gestational age under 28 weeks, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, poor weight gain, apnea episodes, prolonged mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, and treatment duration exceeding 2 weeks increased the likelihood of requiring transfusion. The proportion of preterm infants with anemia requiring blood transfusion in the study was relatively high. However, no single factor independently determined the indication for blood transfusion.