Viêm não tự miễn kháng thể kháng Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ở trẻ em: Báo cáo loạt ca bệnh

Abstract

To describe the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes of children with MOG antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis. This study included all patients diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis and had tested positive for MOG antibodies between September 2023 and February 2025. Nine children (4 females, 5 males) with autoimmune encephalitis and MOG antibody-positive were identified with a mean age of 7 years old (age range: 1 - 13 years old). The most common clinical symptoms observed were impaired consciousness (6/9), seizures (6/9), fever (5/9), behavioral disorders (4/9), focal neurological signs (4/9), movement disorders (3/9), dysarthria (3/9), sleep disturbances (5/9), limb tremors (3/9), orofacial movement disorders (2/9). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lesions primarily in the cortex and subcortex (7/9), thalamus (5/9), putamen (4/9), caudate nucleus (3/9), and in the internal and external capsules (2/9). All patients received immunotherapy, and after 3 months, 8 out of 9 showed good recovery, indicated by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2. MOG antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis typically presents acutely with symptoms such as impaired consciousness, seizures, fever, behavioral disturbances, and focal neurological signs. MRI findings generally show abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions and central gray matter. The majority of patients have a positive response to immunotherapy.