Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả sản khoa ở thai phụ lớn tuổi tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương

Abstract

A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the clinical, paraclinical characteristics, and obstetric outcomes of 347 pregnant women ≥35 years old who delivered at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2024. The majority of participants were 35 - 39 years old (64.8%), residents of urban areas (69.2%), with a BMI ≥ 23 kg/m² (90.5%). Assisted reproductive technology represented 29.4%, and multiple pregnancies accounted for 15.9%. Gestational diabetes mellitus was the most common medical complication (21.3%), while hypertension due to pregnancy were less frequent (6.3%). Anemia was present in 16.4% of women, and 12.4% had proteinuria ≥ 0.3 g/L. The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.9 weeks, with 25.4% of births occurring preterm (< 37 weeks). Cesarean delivery was performed in 69.7% of cases, and cephalic presentation was observed in 65.7% of pregnancies. Common maternal complications included anemia (16.4%), premature rupture of membranes (23.9%), and postpartum hemorrhage (4%). Neonatal complications included low birth weight (< 2500g) in 25.4%, neonatal respiratory distress in 15.6%, intrauterine growth restriction in 8.9%, and postnatal death in 4.3%. No maternal mortality was reported.