Thực trạng thiếu vi chất dinh dưỡng ở trẻ thừa cân, béo phì đơn thuần tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiencies in overweight and obese children reflect the double burden of nutrition and increased risk of metabolic disorders. A cross-sectional study of 200 children described the current status of micronutrient deficiencies in overweight and simply obese children at the National Children's Hospital. The results showed that the obese and overweight children ≥ 5 years old accounted for 77.5%, predominantly more males than females (59% vs. 41%) and higher in rural areas than in urban areas (59.5% vs. 40.5%). Obesity was prevalent at 77.5% followed by overweight 22.5%. Clinical manifestations and metabolic complications appeared more frequently in obese children, including signs of acanthosis nigricans (51.0% vs. 37.8%), fatty liver and fasting blood glucose disorders or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Apropos micronutrients, vitamin D deficiency was the most common (52.0%), followed by iron (32.0%), zinc (18.5%), ionized calcium (14.0%), total calcium (13.0%), phosphorus (13.5%) and magnesium (8.0%). Obese children had lower mean 25(OH)D concentrations than the overweight group (52,22 ± 19.86 vs. 57.75 ± 23.97 nmol/L), with a more than 4 - fold higher risk of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.279; p = 0.001).