Giải phẫu mạch máu tuyến thượng thận trên phim chụp mạch và ứng dụng trong lấy máu tĩnh mạch thượng thận

Abstract

The adrenal glands are endocrine organs located at the superior poles of the kidneys and play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and the stress response through the secretion of hormones such as aldosterone, cortisol, and catecholamines. These glands have a rich blood supply, receiving multiple small arterial branches arising from three main sources: the superior, middle, and inferior adrenal arteries; in contrast, venous drainage typically consists of a single main vein on each side. A thorough understanding of adrenal vascular anatomy is important not only for surgical and endovascular interventions but also for functional diagnostic approaches to adrenal disorders. In the setting of hormone hypersecretion, particularly primary aldosteronism, conventional imaging modalities alone often fail to accurately reflect the functional hormone output of each adrenal gland. Adrenal venous sampling allows direct assessment of hormone secretion from each side, thereby facilitating disease subtyping and guiding appropriate treatment decisions. This study aims to describe the adrenal vascular anatomy as demonstrated on angiographic imaging and to analyze the application of these anatomical features in adrenal venous sampling, with the objective of improving procedural success rates and optimizing its diagnostic value in clinical practice.