Report of three cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 and the role of genetic counseling
Main Article Content
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations of the neurofibromin gene (NF1). Its clinical manifestations include neurofibroma tumors, typically on the skin. This article aimed to report three NF1 cases with different characteristics on symptoms, pedigree, mutation analysis, and genetic counseling. Our method included the investigation of pedigree, historical medical record and clinical examination. NF1 mutations were tested by next generation sequencing and/or Sanger sequencing. Phenotypes of NF1 patients were extremely variable, with or without a positive family history of the disease. Genotypes of these cases were unique but all leading to stop gained. Genetic counseling provided information on the progression and possible complications of this disorder, current treatment therapies, mode of inheritance, origins of mutations, the risk of inheriting a mutation to offspring. Molecular genetic testing for the identification of a pathogenic variant is essential for early diagnosis, prenatal or preimplantation genetic testing.
Article Details
Keywords
Genetic disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, NF1 gene, NF1 prenatal diagnosis.
References
2. Le C BP. Neurofibromatosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021.
3. Ferner RE, Huson SM, Thomas N, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Journal of medical genetics. 2007;44(2):81-88.
4. Boyd KP, Korf BR, Theos A. Neurofibromatosis type 1. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2009; 61(1):1-14; quiz 15-16.
5. Upadhyaya M. NF1 gene structure and NF1 genotype/phenotype correlations. Neurofibromatoses. 2008:46-62.
6. Trovó-Marqui AB, Tajara EH. Neurofibromin: a general outlook. Clinical genetics. 2006; 70(1):1-13.
7. Cotran RS KV, Robbins SL. Robbins pathologic basis of disease. Vol 8th ed2010.
8. Yang F, Xu S, Liu R, et al. The investigation for potential modifier genes in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 based on next-generation sequencing. OncoTargets and Therapy. 2018;(11):919-932.
9. Jouhilahti EM, Peltonen S, Heape AM, Peltonen J. The pathoetiology of neurofibromatosis 1. The American journal of pathology. 2011;178(5):1932-1939.
10. De Raedt T, Brems H, Lopez-Correa C, Vermeesch JR, Marynen P, Legius E. Genomic organization and evolution of the NF1 microdeletion region. Genomics. 2004;84(2):346-360.
11. Jacks T, Shih TS, Schmitt EM, Bronson RT, Bernards A, Weinberg RA. Tumour predisposition in mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in Nf1. Nature genetics. 1994;7(3):353-361.
12. Maruoka R, Takenouchi T, Torii C, et al. The use of next-generation sequencing in molecular diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1: a validation study. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2014;18(11):722-735.
13. Messiaen L, Yao S, Brems H, et al. Clinical and mutational spectrum of neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome. Jama. 2009;302(19):2111-2118.