A study on the prevalence and associated factors of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in patients with HIV infection
Main Article Content
Abstract
The life expectancy of patients with HIV infection has significantly improved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), leading to an increasing burden of cardiovascular complications, including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HFrEF in patients with HIV infection. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 177 patients aged ≥ 18 years old who had been receiving ART for at least 6 months at Can Tho City General Hospital from May 2025 to May 2026. The prevalence of HFrEF was 30.5%. HFrEF was significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference found regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, duration since HIV diagnosis, and duration of ART (p > 0.05). The study found that HFrEF is a relatively common condition among patients with HIV infection and is mainly associated with older age and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, highlighting the need for early screening and comprehensive cardiovascular risk management in this population.
Article Details
Keywords
HIV, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, associated factors
References
2. Chen YQ, Li X, Zhang J. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Incident Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021;87(2):741-749.
3. Sinha A, Feinstein M. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention of heart failure in people with HIV. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. Mar-Apr 2020;63(2):134-141. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.01.002
4. Obare LM, Temu T, Mallal SA, Wanjalla CN. Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res. May 24 2024;134(11):1515-1545. doi:10.1161/circresaha.124.323891
5. Zhou Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, et al. Risk of death and readmission among individuals with heart failure and HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health. Jan 2024;17(1):70-75. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.004
6. Freiberg MS. HIV and Cardiovascular Disease-An Ounce of Prevention. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(8):738-740.
7. Mizushima D, Dung NTH, Dung NT, et al. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease in Vietnamese people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Glob Health Med. Feb 29 2020;2(1):39-43. doi:10.35772/ghm.2019.01035
8. Parikh RV, Ma Y, Wiley J. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among People Living with HIV Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(4):404-415.
9. Bộ Y tế. Quyết Định 612/QĐ-BYT: Kế Hoạch Phòng, Chống HIV/AIDS Năm 2024. 2024;
10. Alvi RM, Frigault MJ, Tariq N. Heart Failure and Adverse Heart Failure Outcomes Among Persons Living with HIV in a US Tertiary Medical Center. Am Heart J. 2019;209:39-48.
11. Hội Tim mạch học Việt Nam. Khuyến cáo về chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh suy tim cấp và suy tim mạn. 2022;
12. UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS Statistics - Fact Sheet. UNAIDS Reports. 2022;2022(1):1-10.
13. WHO. HIV Data and Statistics. World Health Organ Reports. 2023;2023(2):1-15.
14. Feinstein MJ, Hsue PY, Benjamin LA, et al. Characteristics, Prevention, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. Jul 9 2019;140(2):e98-e124. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000695
15. Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C. Increased Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(7):2506-2512.
16. Toribio M, Neilan TG, Zanni MV. Heart Failure Among People with HIV: Evolving Risks, Mechanisms, and Preventive Considerations. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019;16(5):349-357.
17. Go A, Horberg M, Reynolds K, et al. HIV infection independently increases the risk of developing heart failure: the HIV HEART study. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2018:62-62.
18. Reinsch N, Streeck H, Holzendorf V, et al. B-type natriuretic peptides for the prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients living with HIV: Results from the HIV-HEART study. Int J Cardiol. Apr 15 2019;281:127-132. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.066
19. Steverson AB, Pawlowski AE, Schneider D, et al. Clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients with adjudicated heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Nov 2017;24(16):1746-1758. doi:10.1177/2047487317732432
20. Freiberg MS, Chang C-CH, Skanderson M, et al. Association Between HIV Infection and the Risk of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era: Results From the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. JAMA Cardiology. 2017;2(5):536-546. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.0264
21. Dai L, Liu A, Zhang H, et al. Impact of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy on the Lipid Profile of Chinese HIV/AIDS Treatment-Naïve Patients in Beijing: A Retrospective Study. Curr HIV Res. 2019;17(5):324-334. doi:10.2174/1570162x17666191025115508