Các yếu tố liên quan và thang điểm dự báo nguy cơ u túi noãn hoàng tinh hoàn ở trẻ em dựa trên AFP huyết thanh và siêu âm

Abstract

Although serum AFP is an important tumor marker in the evaluation of pediatric testicular tumors, its preoperative discriminatory value remains limited in some cases. This retrospective study analyzed associated factors and developed a score to support preoperative risk prediction of testicular yolk sac tumor in children. The study included 70 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for testicular tumors at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2025, comprising 35 yolk sac tumors and 35 benign tumors. Median AFP was significantly higher in the yolk sac tumor group than in the benign tumor group (1,632.0 vs. 1.6 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Doppler hypervascularity was more frequent in yolk sac tumors (71.4% vs. 5.7%; p < 0.001), whereas mixed echogenicity was more common in benign tumors (77.1% vs. 31.4%; p < 0.001). A score combining AFP, Doppler hypervascularity, and echogenicity pattern may support preoperative risk stratification for testicular yolk sac tumor.