Giá trị chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan của thuật toán GALAD

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the GALAD score in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to compare it with individual serum biomarkers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 160 subjects, 80 patients with HCC and 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B without cancer. The diagnostic performance of GALAD, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: The GALAD score demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI: 0.864 – 0.957), outperforming PIVKA-II (0.891), AFP (0.859), and AFP-L3 (0.834). At the optimal cut-off value of 1.29, GALAD achieved a sensitivity of 96.3%, specificity of 80.0%, PPV of 82.8%, and NPV of 95.5%. Conclusion: The GALAD score showed superior diagnostic performance compared with individual biomarkers, particularly in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value. These findings suggest that GALAD is a promising tool for screening and supporting early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B.