Sự thay đổi kiểu hình tế bào B điều hòa trong máu ngoại vi ở bệnh nhân pemphigoid bọng nước

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize peripheral regulatory B-cell subsets in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP). 76 BP patients and 30 healthy controls were eligible for inclusion in this study and were analyzed by blood flow cytometry. The primary parameters evaluated were the frequencies of CD24^hiCD27⁺ Breg cells, IgM⁺CD1d⁺CD147⁺ cells and CD147 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests with false discovery rate (FDR) correction, alongside multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The proportion of CD24^hiCD27⁺ Breg cells were significantly higher in the BP group than in controls [Median (IQR): 15.25 (9.08 - 26.12)% vs. 8.71 (2.78 - 16.18)%; p = 0.009]. In contrast, the frequency of IgM⁺CD1d⁺CD147⁺ cells among total B cells was markedly lower in BP patients [0.85 (0.10 - 3.42)% vs. 3.09 (1.81 - 7.96)%; p < 0.001], accompanied by a significant reduction in CD147 MFI [49.60 (32.95 - 76.90) vs. 68.55 (55.60 - 154.50); p < 0.001]. Multivariable analysis revealed that these alterations were independently associated with BP risk. No significant correlation between these markers and BPDAI scores remained after FDR correction. BP is associated with a distinct peripheral Breg phenotypic imbalance, suggesting heterogeneous alterations among B-cell subsets with regulatory potential.