Kết quả điều trị và một số yếu tố liên quan đến hội chứng suy hô hấp sơ sinh ở trẻ non tháng

Abstract

This study aimed to describe treatment outcomes and to identify associated factors of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. This descriptive case series study with longitudinal follow-up included 109 preterm neonates diagnosed with RDS at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Center of Hue Central Hospital from April 2022 to May 2024. Results showed that most neonates were born at < 32 weeks gestation (71.6%) with a birth weight less than 1500 grams (66.1%). 19.3% of neonates required mechanical ventilation, 45.9% required surfactant therapy, and 8% of neonates received a second dose of surfactant. The survival to discharge rate was 84.4%, and the mortality rate was 15.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that an Apgar score at 1 minute ≤ 3 was a risk factor for increasing the need for surfactant therapy in preterm neonates with RDS. Factors that increased the risk of death in neonates with RDS included: birth weight < 1000 grams, Apgar score at 5 minutes < 7, and the need for surfactant therapy (p < 0.05). Careful monitoring of pregnancy, postnatal transitional care, and intensive resuscitation for neonates from the delivery room, especially for extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight neonates, will reduce the need for surfactant administration and the risk of death in preterm neonates with RDS.