Đánh giá kết quả bơm xi măng sinh học trong điều trị xẹp đốt sống do loãng xương

Abstract

A retrospective study was conducted on patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated with kyphoplasty at Hanoi Medical University Hospital (January – December 2024). The mean patient age was 72.5 ± 8.8 years old, with 86.5% females. The predominant fracture pattern was wedge deformity (60%), with 31,6% classified as severe according to Genant. Preoperatively, patients presented with severe pain (mean VAS 6.7), spinal deformity (kyphotic angle 11,1°, Cobb angle 16,9°), loss of vertebral body height, and advanced osteoporosis (T-score -3.9). Postoperatively, pain decreased significantly (mean VAS 0.7 at 3 months), with 99% of patients achieving “Good” or “Excellent” outcomes on the MacNab scale. Radiological parameters improved markedly, where kyphotic angle was reduced to 7.9°, Cobb angle to 14.2°, and positive restoration of vertebral body height. The proportion of patients receiving osteoporosis treatment increased substantially after surgery (74.5% vs. 20.2% preoperatively). Cement leakage was the most common complication but was clinically insignificant. Kyphoplasty/vertebroplasy is a safe and effective technique, providing rapid pain relief, correction of spinal deformity, and functional recovery in patients with osteoporosis.