Non-criteria autoantibodies according to EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria in newly diagnosed systemic Lupus erythematosus patients
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by the production of a broad spectrum of autoantibodies that mediate multisystem tissue injury. Although the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria incorporate key serologic markers, additional autoantibodies-including SSA, SSB, C1q, cANCA, and pANCA-may provide diagnostic, phenotypic, and prognostic insights. Data on their prevalence and clinical significance in Vietnamese patients remain limited.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 58 patients with newly diagnosed SLE between August 2024 and August 2025. The mean age was 33 ± 16 years, and 89.7% were female. Hematologic abnormalities (82.8%), mucocutaneous involvement, and renal disease (48.3%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Extra-criteria autoantibodies were frequently detected: SSA (69%), C1q (62.5%), cANCA (34%), pANCA (16.7%), and SSB (11.6%). SSB and C1q positivity demonstrated a significant association with renal involvement, while ANCA positivity correlated with lower hemoglobin levels and complement consumption. These findings indicate that non-criteria autoantibodies occur at substantial frequencies in Vietnamese patients with newly diagnosed SLE and are associated with specific organ involvement, particularly renal and hematologic manifestations. Incorporation of these markers may refine phenotypic assessment and enhance risk stratification in SLE.
Article Details
Keywords
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-C1q, pANCA, cANCA
References
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