Mô hình bệnh tật của người bệnh dị ứng điều trị nội trú tại khoa dị ứng, miễn dịch và da liễu, Bệnh viện E từ năm 2020 - 2025

Abstract

Investigating disease spectrum plays a core role in evaluating healthcare capacity and guiding strategic professional development. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 3,029 medical records to analyze the characteristics and spectrum of allergic diseases among inpatients at the Department of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, E Hospital, over a 5-year period (June 2020 - May 2025). Results revealed a female predominance, representing 58.57%. The mean age of the study population was 47.36 ± 22.06 years old,  where 35.99% was > 60 years old. Hospital admissions and total inpatient days exhibited an upward trend over the years (particularly in the post-COVID-19 period), accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of out-of-province patients from 11.61% to 31.25% (p < 0.001). Regarding the disease spectrum, urticaria and angioedema were the most prevalent diagnoses (40.31%), followed by delayed hypersensitivity reactions (16.21%). Treatment outcomes showed that 99.77% of patients achieved clinical remission upon discharge. The number of inpatients with urticaria and angioedema increased during summer and autumn, whereas spring was the peak admission season for asthma and antibiotic allergies (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified age, delayed hypersensitivity reactions (IRR = 1.84), antibiotic allergies (IRR = 1.71), asthma (IRR = 1.40), and atopic dermatitis (IRR = 1.35) as independent factors prolonging the length of hospital stay (p < 0.05). The average length of stay was 6.99 ± 6.06 days, with anti-tuberculosis drug allergies requiring the longest hospitalization. Hospital admissions and total inpatient days exhibited an upward trend over the years (particularly in the post-COVID-19 period), accompanied by a steady increase in the proportion of out-of-province patients from 11.61% to 31.25%.