9. Absolute ethanol sclerotherapy treatment for head and neck venous malformations under dsa guidance

Nguyen Ngoc Cuong, Chu Hong Son, Le Tuan Linh

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aims to describe the radiologic features of head and neck venous malformation (VM) on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and to assess the results of sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol. A total of 25 patients were recruited in this study. The average age was 31.1. Classification of VM according to Puig included: 9/25 type I (36%); 15/25 type II (60%); 1/25 type III, and no type IV was found. A total of 46 sessions of intervention were done with the average volume of absolute ethanol was 6.8ml per session. Good reduction of VM volume (i.e., a reduction of more than 50% VM) occured in 81.8% of the patients, and 4% had reduction of VM less than 25%. Significantly improved clinical symptom was achieved in most of the patients (96%) with 1 patient (4%) had no improvement of clinical symptom. No major complication was found. Absolute ethanol sclerotherapy is safe and effective treatment for the VM of head and neck.

Article Details

References

1. Vikkula M, Boon LM, Mulliken JB. Molecular genetics of vascular malformations. Published online 2001:9.
2. Behravesh S, Yakes W, Gupta N, et al. Venous malformations: clinical diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016; 6(6): 55769-55569.
3. Colletti G, Ierardi AM. Understanding venous malformations of the head and neck: a comprehensive insight. Med Oncol. 2017; 34(3): 42. doi:10.1007/s12032-017-0896-3.
4. Shireman PK, McCarthy WJ, Yao JST, Vogelzang RL. Treatment of venous malformations by direct injection with ethanol. J Vasc Surg. 1997; 26(5): 838-844. doi:10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70098-3.
5. Steiner F, FitzJohn T, Tan ST. Ethanol sclerotherapy for venous malformation. ANZ J Surg. 2016; 86(10): 790-795. doi:10.1111/ans.12833.
6. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB. The current management of vascular birthmarks. Pediatr Dermatol. 1993; 10(4): 311-313. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00393.x.
7. Legiehn G. Sclerotherapy with Adjunctive Stasis of Efflux (STASE) in Venous Malformations: Techniques and Strategies. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019; 22: 100630. doi:10.1016/j.tvir.2019.100630.
8. Laor T, Burrows PE. Congenital anomalies and vascular birthmarks of the lower extremities. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1998; 6(3): 497-519.
9. Baek HJ, Hong JP, Choi JW, Suh DC. Direct Percutaneous Alcohol Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations of Head and Neck Region without Fluoroscopic Guidance: Technical Consideration and Outcome. Neurointervention. 2011; 6(2): 84-88. doi:10.5469/neuroint.2011.6.2.84
10. Akan H, Uzunkaya F, Soylu AI. Percutaneous Ethanol Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations of the Oral Cavity and the Oropharynx. Erciyes Tıp DergisiErciyes Med J. 2017; 39(4): 183-188. doi:10.5152/etd.2017.17055.
11. Su L, Fan X, Zheng L, Zheng J. Absolute Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations in the Face and Neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010; 68(7): 1622-1627. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.094.
12. Ho Choi Y, Hee Han M, O-Ki K, Hoon Cha S, Chang KH. Craniofacial Cavernous Venous Malformations: Percutaneous Sclerotherapy with Use of Ethanolamine Oleate. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002; 13(5):475-482. doi:10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61527-9.
13. Li L, Zeng XQ, Li YH. Digital subtraction angiography-guided foam sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010; 194(5): W439-444. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3416.
14. Rimon U, Garniek A, Galili Y, Golan G, Bensaid P, Morag B. Ethanol sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformations. Eur J Radiol. 2004; 52(3): 283-287. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2003.09.010.
15. Puig S, Aref H, Chigot V, Bonin B, Brunelle F. Classification of venous malformations in children and implications for sclerotherapy. Pediatr Radiol. 2003; 33(2): 99-103. doi:10.1007/s00247-002-0838-9.
16. Blaise S, Charavin-Cocuzza M, Riom H, et al. Treatment of low-flow vascular malformations by ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with polidocanol foam: 24 cases and literature review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg. 2011; 41(3): 412-417. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.10.009.