Pm2.5 increased respiratory mortality in Ho Chi Minh city: A multi-source data study
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to map PM2.5 spatial distribution and to assess the impact of PM2.5 on lung cancer mortality and respiratory cancer mortality in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2018. The PM2.5 distribution was mapped based on 96 locations in the wet and dry seasons using the low-cost air pollution sensor (named AirBeam2) and the IDW algorithm. Analysis of the PM2.5 impact on lung and respiratory cancer mortality was based on the A6/YTCS mortality data from the Ministry of Health Vietnam and the BenMAP model. All districts showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentration was higher than the WHO health safety standard (PM2.5 <10 µg/m3). PM2.5 contributed to 6.3% (35/557) lung cancer mortality and 6.5% (41/629) respiratory cancer mortality. For each increased of 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 level, lung cancer mortality increased by 56 cases, and respiratory cancer mortality increased by 64 cases. We recommend to implement short-term interventions to prevent the effects of PM2.5 and long-term solutions to minimize PM2.5 pollution.
Article Details
Keywords
PM2.5, respiratory cancer, mortality.
References
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2. Xing Y-F, Xu Y-H, Shi M-H, Lian Y-X. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 2016;8(1):69-74.
3. Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W, et al. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004;109:2655-2671.
4. Environmental Pollution Centers. What Is Air Pollution? https://www.environmentalpollutioncenters.org/air/, Accessed Feb 2, 2020.
5. Song C, He J, Wu L, et al. Health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 in China. Environmental Pollution. 2017;223:575-586.
6. Institute for Health Metrics, Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease Project, The Health Effects Institute. The State of Global Air. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga-2018-report.pdf, Accessed Feb 12, 2019.
7. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Frequently Asked Questions about Ambient and Household Air Pollution and Health. http://www.wpro.who.int/vietnam/mediacentre/features/air_pollution_QandA/en/, Accessed Jun 30, 2019.
8. World Health Organization. WHO outdoor air quality guidelines. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/airquality/policy/who-outdoor-air-quality-guidelines, Accessed 01/05/2020.
9. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance on Choosing a Sampling Design for Environmental Data Collection: for Use in Developing a Quality Assurance Project Plan. 2002.
10. Feinberg S, Williams R, Hagler GSW, et al. Long-term evaluation of air sensor technology under ambient conditions in Denver, Colorado. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2018;11(8):4605-4615. doi:10.5194/amt-11-4605-2018
11. Setianto A, Triandini T. Comparison of Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation methods in lineament extraction and analysis. Journal of Applied Geology. 2013;5(1):21-29.
12. Li L, Losser T, Yorke C, Piltner R. Fast Inverse Distance Weighting-Based Spatiotemporal Interpolation: A Web-Based Application of Interpolating Daily Fine Particulate Matter PM2.5 in the Contiguous U.S. Using Parallel Programming and k-d Tree. Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014;11:9101-9141.
13. United States Environmental Protection Agency. BENMAP Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program: User's Manual Appendices. 2008:1-14.
14. Bộ Tài Nguyên và Môi Trường. QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng không khí xung quanh. 2013.
15. Michael H, Chris Chaeha Lim. AirBeam2 Technical Specifications, Operation & Performance. http://www.takingspace.org/airbeam2-technical-specifications-operation-performance/, Accessed access on June 1st 2019.
16. Zhang P, Shen T. Comparison of different spatial interpolation methods for atmospheric pollutant PM2.5 by using GIS and Spearman correlation. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015;7(12):452-469.
17. Nguyen Thi Anh Thu, Blume L. Báo cáo chất lượng không khí năm 2017. 2017:14-15.
18. World Health Organization. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide : global update 2005 : summary of risk assessment. 2005.
19. Orru H, Erik Teinemaa TL, Tamm T, Kaasik M, Kimmel V, al e. Health impact assessment of particulate pollution in Tallinn using fine spatial resolution and modeling techniques. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2009;8:7.
20. Ho Quoc Bang. Modeling PM10 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and evaluation of its impact on human health. Sustainable Environment Research. 2017;27(2):95-102.
21. Boldo E, Medina S, LeTertre A, et al. Apheis: Health impact assessment of long-term exposure to PM(2.5) in 23 European cities. Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(6):449-58. doi:10.1007/s10654-006-9014-0
22. Chen T, Deng S, Li M. Spatial Patterns of Satellite-Retrieved PM2.5 and Long-Term Exposure Assessment of China from 1998 to 2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Dec 8 2018;15(12)doi:10.3390/ijerph15122785
23. Abe KC, Miraglia SG. Health Impact Assessment of Air Pollution in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Jul 11 2016;13(7):694. doi:10.3390/ijerph13070694
24. Le LTP, Leung A. Associations between urban road-traffic emissions, health risks, and socioeconomic status in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet. 2018;2:5.
25. Huang F, Pan B, Wu J, Chen E, Chen L. Relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence and mortality: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(26):43322-43331. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17313
26. Yang S, Liucun Z, Fei Y, Xiangyin K, Tao H, Yu-Dong C. Analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer based on protein-protein interactions. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening. 2016;19(2):100-108. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207319666151110123345
27. Li R, Zhou R, Zhang J. Function of PM2.5 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(5):7506-7514. doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8355
28. Xing Y-F, Xu Y-H, Shi M-H, Lian Y-X. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. Journal of thoracic disease. 2016;8(1):E69-E74. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.19