Đặc điểm lâm sàng và biến đối sinh hóa ở trẻ mắc đái tháo đường típ 2 tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and poses a global health threat. Compared to type 1 diabetes (T1DM), children with T2DM often have a more rapid disease progression, higher risk of metabolic disorders, long-term complications, and earlier mortality. We conducted a study to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 77 children with T2DM from 2019 to 2024. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.7 ± 1.98 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.26:1. A family history of diabetes was present in 35.6% of cases. At diagnosis, 9% of patients presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Common clinical features included overweight/obesity (94.8%), acanthosis nigricans (75.3%), polyuria (51.9%), polydipsia (50.6%), weight loss (49.4%), polyphagia (22%), and hypertension (16.9%). Notably, 35% were diagnosed incidentally. Laboratory findings included: blood glucose 15.3 ± 9.4 mmol/L, HbA1c 11.3 ± 2.5%, elevated triglycerides in 38.2%, elevated cholesterol in 42%, elevated AST in 31.1%, and elevated ALT in 54.1%. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and timely intervention to prevent serious complications, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis and metabolic abnormalities in children with T2DM.