81. Phản ứng quá mẫn với các thuốc kháng lao hàng một: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tại Bệnh viện E

Abstract

Drug hypersensitivity is one of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment, which not only poses a risk to patient safety but also prolongs treatment duration and increases the likelihood of drug resistance. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 69 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis who exhibited clinical signs of hypersensitivity to first-line anti-TB drugs at E Hospital. The most common clinical manifestation was maculopapular exanthema,  representing 78.26% . Skin prick testing yielded positive results in 2 out of 134 test instances, with positivity only observed in rifampicin (7.14% of those tested for this drug). Patch testing was performed in six cases, with the highest positivity rate for Isoniazid (33.33%), followed by rifampicin and ethambutol (25% each), and the lowest for pyrazinamide (14.29%). Drug provocation testing was carried out in 167 instances, with an overall positivity rate of 24.7%. Among individual drugs, the highest positivity rate was seen with rifampicin (35.29%), followed by ethambutol (29.55%), pyrazinamide (29.27%), and the lowest with isoniazid (8.51%). Clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity to first-line anti-TB drugs are most commonly associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Among diagnostic methods, the drug provocation test remains the gold standard.