Violence against children in Ha Dinh secondary school students in 2020 and some associated factors
Main Article Content
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the prevelence of violence against children among 372 students at Ha Dinh Secondary School and to identify the factors correlated to violence. The results show that the proportion of students who experienced physical violence, emotional violence, sexual violence were 81.99%, 95.70% and 38.98%, respectively. Students achieving good academic performance and students having difficulty doing homework were more likely to experience some form of violence against them. Factors associated with experiencing violence among secondary school students include having good academic performance, struggling with their homework, drinking alcohol, self-assessment of health as weak, having signs of depression, having father frequently drank alcohol and having parental conflict.
Article Details
Keywords
physical violence, emotional violence, sexual violence, violence against children.
References
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26.du Prel J-B, Hommel G, Röhrig B, Blettner M. Confidence Interval or P-Value? Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2009;106(19):335-339. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0335.
2. Cappa C. Hidden in Plain Sight: A Statistical Analysis of Violence against Children. UNICEF; 2014.
3. Wegman HL, Stetler C. A meta-analytic review of the effects of childhood abuse on medical outcomes in adulthood. Psychosom Med. 2009;71(8):805-812. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181bb2b46.
4. Hillis SD, Mercy JA, Saul JR. The enduring impact of violence against children. Psychol Health Med. 2017;22(4):393-405. doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1153679.
5.Currie J, Widom CS. Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect on Adult Economic Well-Being. Child Maltreat. 2010;15(2):111-120.
6. Jirapramukpitak T, Prince M, Harpham T. The experience of abuse and mental health in the young Thai population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005;40(12):955-963. doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0983-1.
7. Tran NK, van Berkel SR, van IJzendoorn MH, Alink LRA. Child and Family Factors Associated With Child Maltreatment in Vietnam. J Interpers Violence. Published online April 16, 2018:0886260518767914. doi:10.1177/0886260518767914.
8. O’Flaherty M, Fisher J. Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta Principles. Hum Rights Law Rev. 2008;8(2):207-248. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngn009.
9. Smith PK. Review of The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn out the Way They Do. Polit Life Sci. 2000;19(1):112-114.
10. Nguyen H. Child maltreatment in Vietnam : prevalence and associated mental and physical health problems. Thesis Dr Philos. Published online January 1, 2006.
11. Duc Thanh N, Tu Quyen B, Quang Tien T, 1. Department of Hospital Management, Health Management Training Institute, Hanoi School of Public Health, 138 Giang Vo, Hanoi, Vietnam. Validation of a Brief CES-D Scale for Measuring Depression and Its Associated Predictors among Adolescents in Chi Linh, Hai Duong, Vietnam. AIMS Public Health. 2016;3(3):448-459. doi:10.3934/publichealth.2016.3.448.
12. Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Alink LRA. Cultural-geographical differences in the occurrence of child physical abuse? A meta-analysis of global prevalence. Int J Psychol J Int Psychol. 2013;48(2):81-94. doi:10.1080/00207594.2012.697165.
13. Luật trẻ em 2016. Accessed July 12, 2021. https://thukyluat.vn/vb/luat-tre-em-2016-4a0d1.html.
14.Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences |Violence Prevention|Injury Center|CDC. Published April 6, 2021. Accessed July 12, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/fastfact.html.
15. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. (2011). Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011 (Final Report). Hanoi, Viet Nam: Author.
16. Cappa C, Dam H. Prevalence of and risk factors for violent disciplinary practices at home in Viet Nam. J Interpers Violence. 2014;29(3):497-516. doi:10.1177/0886260513505215.
17. Tran N, van Berkel S, Alink L, van IJzendoorn M, Nguyen H. Changes in the prevalence of child maltreatment in Vietnam over 10 years. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;80. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.015.
18. Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, IJzendoorn MH van. The Prevalence of Child Maltreatment across the Globe: Review of a Series of Meta-Analyses. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(1):37-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2353.
19. Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H. Global Prevalence of Past-year Violence Against Children: A Systematic Review and Minimum Estimates. Pediatrics. 2016;137(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2015-4079.
20. Choo W-Y, Dunne MP, Marret MJ, Fleming M, Wong Y-L. Victimization experiences of adolescents in Malaysia. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2011;49(6):627-634. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.020.
21. Lau JTF, Kim JH, Tsui H-Y, Cheung A, Lau M, Yu A. The relationship between physical maltreatment and substance use among adolescents: a survey of 95,788 adolescents in Hong Kong. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2005;37(2):110-119. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.08.005.
22. Nguyen D, Dedding C, Pham T, Wright P, Bunders J. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Vietnamese secondary school students and proposed solutions: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1195. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1195.
23.Estévez E, Murgui S, Musitu G. Psychological adjustment in bullies and victims of school violence. Eur J Psychol Educ. 2009;24(4):473-483. doi:10.1007/BF03178762.
24.Dube S, Anda R, Felitti V, Croft J, Edwards V, Giles W. Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse Negl. 2002;25:1627-1640.
25.Hunter WM, Jain D, Sadowski LS, Sanhueza AI. Risk Factors for Severe Child Discipline Practices in Rural India. J Pediatr Psychol. 2000;25(6):435-447. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/25.6.435.
26.du Prel J-B, Hommel G, Röhrig B, Blettner M. Confidence Interval or P-Value? Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2009;106(19):335-339. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0335.