Early surgical outcomes of the far lateral approach for foramen magnum and clival meningiomas
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the early surgical outcomes of the far lateral approach (FLA) for meningiomas located at the foramen magnum and clival region. This anatomically complex area at the skull base harbors critical structures including the brainstem, vertebral artery, and lower cranial nerves (IX–XII), posing significant surgical challenges. Method: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 5 patients who underwent surgery between January 2023 and June 2025. Results: The cohort comprised 4 females and 1 male with a mean age of 58 years old (range: 48 – 65). The mean tumor diameter was 29.6 mm. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases (100%). Complications including cerebrospinal fluid leakage, abduces nerve palsy, and delayed wound healing were all successfully managed conservatively. There were no major complication or mortality. Conclusion: The far lateral approach provides an anterolateral surgical corridor to foramen magnum and petroclival meningiomas while minimizing brain retraction and preserving critical neurovascular structures.
Article Details
Keywords
Far lateral approach, foramen magnum, clivus, occipital condyle, meningioma
References
2. El Ahmadieh TY, Haider AS, Cohen-Gadol A. The Far-Lateral Suboccipital Approach to the Lesions of the Craniovertebral Junction. World Neurosurg. Nov 2021; 155: 218-228. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.018.
3. Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Bruno N, Baldoncini M, Campero A, Galzio R. Far Lateral Approach. Acta Biomed. Mar 21 2022; 92(S4): e2021352. doi:10.23750/abm.v92iS4.12823.
4. Nanda A, Vincent DA, Vannemreddy PSSV, Baskaya MK, Chanda A. Far-lateral approach to intradural lesions of the foramen magnum without resection of the occipital condyle. J Neurosurg. 2002; 96(2): 302-309. doi:10.3171/jns.2002.96.2.0302.
5. Kohli G, Song M, El Ahmadieh TY, et al. The Far-Lateral Approach and Its Variants: Technical Nuances and Video Illustration. Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md). 2025; 29(5): 740-745. doi:10.1227/ons.0000000000001550.
6. Simon M, Gousias K. Grading meningioma resections: the Simpson classification and beyond. Acta Neurochir (Wien). Jan 23 2024; 166(1): 28. doi:10.1007/s00701-024-05910-9.
7. Rhoton AL. The far-lateral approach and its transcondylar, supracondylar, and paracondylar extensions. Neurosurgery. 2000; 47(3 Suppl): S195-209. doi:10.1097/00006123-200009001-00020.
8. Vishteh AG, Crawford NR, Melton MS, Spetzler RF, Sonntag VK, Dickman CA. Stability of the craniovertebral junction after unilateral occipital condyle resection: a biomechanical study. J Neurosurg. 1999; 90(1 Suppl): 91-98. doi:10.3171/spi.1999.90.1.0091.
9. Margalit NS, Lesser JB, Singer M, Sen C. Lateral approach to anterolateral tumors at the foramen magnum: factors determining surgical procedure. Neurosurgery. 2005; 56(2 Suppl): 324-336; discussion 324-336. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000156796.28536.6d.
10. Kshettry VR, Healy AT, Colbrunn R, Beckler DT, Benzel EC, Recinos PF. Biomechanical evaluation of the craniovertebral junction after unilateral joint-sparing condylectomy: implications for the far lateral approach revisited. J Neurosurg. Oct 2017; 127(4): 829-836. doi:10.3171/2016.7.JNS16293.
11. Park HH, Lee KS, Hong CK. Vertebral Artery Transposition Via an Extreme-Lateral Approach for Anterior Foramen Magnum Meningioma or Craniocervical Junction Tumors. World Neurosurg. Apr 2016; 88: 154-165. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.12.073.
12. Wen HT, Rhoton AL, Jr., Katsuta T, de Oliveira E. Microsurgical anatomy of the transcondylar, supracondylar, and paracondylar extensions of the far-lateral approach. J Neurosurg. Oct 1997; 87(4): 555-85. doi:10.3171/jns.1997.87.4.0555.
13. Arnautovic KI, al-Mefty O, Pait TG, Krisht AF, Husain MM. The suboccipital cavernous sinus. J Neurosurg. Feb 1997; 86(2): 252-62. doi:10.3171/jns.1997.86.2.0252.
14. Alshafai NS, Klepinowski T. The Far Lateral Approach to the Craniovertebral Junction: An Update. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2019; 125: 159-164. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62515-7_23.
15. Bruneau M, George B. Foramen magnum meningiomas: detailed surgical approaches and technical aspects at Lariboisiere Hospital and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. Jan 2008; 31(1): 19-32; discussion 32-3. doi:10.1007/s10143-007-0097-1.