Đặc điểm dịch tễ học và các týp vi rút Dengue lưu hành gây bệnh sốt xuất huyết Dengue tại khu vực Tây Nguyên, 2020 - 2025

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by Dengue virus (DENV). As such, a retrospective descriptive study of real-time RT-PCR test results was conducted from clinical specimens of patients clinically diagnosed with dengue fever in provinces of the Central Highlands region during the period 2020 - 2025. The aim of this study is to describe epidemiological characteristics and distribution of DENV serotypes. The results show that during the period 2020-2025, the Central Highlands region recorded the prevalence of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 virus types with the following percentages, respectively: 25.68%, 72.46%, 0.03%, and 1.84%; In Dak Lak province, the DENV-3 virus type was only circulating in 2022. In 2024, only DENV-1 and DENV-2 were recorded circulating in the entire region. In 2025, the DENV-4 reappeared but at a very low rate of 0.97%. Kon Tum province shows differences in the circulation of DENV serotypes compared to other localities in the region. DENV-4 and DENV-1 appeared frequently at the beginning of the year, then gradually decreased in circulation along with the increasing dominance of DENV-2. DHF cases began to increase gradually from May, with a concentration mainly from July to November. No significant difference between genders and age groups was found. The highest incidence of dengue fever was recorded in the 11 - 20 and 31 - 40 age groups, accounting for 22.72% and 18.37% of cases, respectively. Strengthening surveillance of circulating viral serotypes is necessary to enable early outbreak warning, particularly before and during the rainy season. Emphasis should be placed on vector control interventions and targeted risk communication in schools, dormitories, and residential areas with a high concentration of adolescents and young adults, while concurrently enhancing health system capacity for early case detection and effective clinical management among high-risk age groups.