Đặc điểm lâm sàng và mức độ nặng của phản ứng quá mẫn do chất cản quang chứa IOD tại Bệnh viện E

Abstract

Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are indispensable tools in diagnostic imaging; however, their use may be associated with unpredictable hypersensitivity reactions. We performed this cross-sectional descriptive study to evaluate clinical characteristics and associated factors. Data on demographic characteristics, history of allergy, type of ICM, and clinical manifestations were collected on 60 cases treated at E Hospital from July 2024 to July 2025. The results showed that 78.3% of reactions occurred within the first six hours, predominantly representing immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations were observed in all cases, while respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 20% and 13.3% of patients, respectively. Grade I anaphylaxis accounted for 80%, whereas grade II anaphylaxis comprised 20%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two ICM types, Iopamiro and Omnipaque, with respect to reaction severity, onset time, or demographic characteristics and history of allergy. Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) at E Hospital were predominantly immediate and mild; in the absence of clear predictors of severe reactions, close post-injection monitoring remains essential to ensure patient safety.