Đặc điểm lâm sàng, hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ của phổ bệnh viêm tủy thị thần kinh và bệnh lý liên quan tới kháng thể kháng MOG

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients, including 42 cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) positive for AQP4-IgG and 8 cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) positive for MOG-IgG at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, to compare clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features between the two groups. NMOSD showed a higher female predominance (95.2% vs. 62.5%) and an older age at onset (44.9 vs. 27.9 years old). The mean EDSS score was higher in NMOSD (3.6 vs. 2.8). Simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis was more common in MOGAD (50% vs. 7.1%), whereas area postrema syndrome was observed only in NMOSD. On MRI, NMOSD demonstrated a higher frequency of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) (58.5% vs. 12.5%), along with features such as bright spotty lesions, periventricular white matter involvement, and brainstem lesions. In contrast, MOGAD tended to show predominant anterior optic nerve involvement and perineural enhancement (25% vs. 2.4%). NMOSD and MOGAD exhibit distinct clinical and MRI features, which may support differential diagnosis in clinical practice.