Đặc điểm bệnh bụi phổi silic ở bệnh nhân điều trị tại Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương, năm 2019 - 2020

Abstract

Silicosis is a progressive disease with no known cure, resulting in worsening impaired lung function even when exposure to silica dust has ceased. This study retrospectively reviewed medical records of 86 silicosis patients at National Lung Hospital, from June 2019 to May 2020, to describe the characteristics of these patients. Most of the participants (98.8%) were male and worked in non-structural sectors (gold miners 33.7%, stone miners 25.5%). Review of lung x-rays revealed that 36.0% of the participants had small opacities, and 14.0% had large opacities (type C). The rate of tuberculosis co-infection was 2.9%; the rate with other bacteria co-infection was 11.7%. Shortness of breath was the most common clinical symptom of the silicosis patients (98.84%). Other clinical symptoms included crepitant rale (75.58%) and moisture rale (73.26%). The paraclincal test results showed 60.5% of the participants had impaired lung function, of whom more than 80% suffered from mixed and pulmonary dysfunction. The rate of respiratory function impairment in the group with x-ray lesions with large opacities (A, B, C) was higher than in the group with only small opacities (p < 0.05). In conclusion, most silicosis patients had acquired the disease while being employed at non-structural sectors. The clinical symptoms, the sub-clinical symptoms, and the paraclinical test results proved the temporary, and terminal, damaging effects of silica dust exposure. Therefore, it is recommended that employees in these non-structural sectors be tested and monitored regularly for respiratory illnesses.